Spotlight on the role of hormonal factors in the emergence of autoreactive B-lymphocytes

Peeva, Elena; Zouali, Moncef

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2005.05.014

Cited by 106 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 250 publications

(293 reference statements)

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“…It is capable of changing Th1 and Th2 type cytokine production, promoting IL-6 and INF-γ secretion, and playing a regulatory role on IL-2 levels (22,23). Furthermore, PRL increases Ig production, stimulates the development of antigen-presenting cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II, and upholds the co-stimulatory molecules CD86, CD80, and CD40 (24). Interestingly, assorted autoantibodies, including anti-cardiolipin, anti-PRL, anti-La, anti-Ro, among others, were detected in patients with hyperprolactinemia (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Prl and Immune Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin and Autoimmunity

Orbach

Zandman‐Goddard

Boaz

et al. 2011

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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The great asymmetry of autoimmune diseases between genders represents one of the most enigmatic observations among the mosaic of autoimmunity. Sex hormones are believed to play a crucial role on this dimorphism. The higher prevalence of autoimmunity among women at childbearing ages, disease onset/relapses during pregnancy, and post-partum are some of the arguments that support this hypothesis. Certainly, motherhood represents one of the most remarkable challenges for the immune system, which not only has to allow for the conceptus, but also has to deal with complex endocrine alterations. Hormonal homeostasis is known to exert a crucial influence in achieving a competent and healthy immune system. Prolactin (PRL) has a bioactive function acting as a hormone and a cytokine. It interferes with immune system modulation, mainly inhibiting the negative selection of autoreactive B lymphocytes. Likewise, hyperprolactinemia has been described in relation to the pathogenesis and activity of several autoimmune disorders. Dopamine is an effective inhibitor of PRL secretion due to either a direct influence on the hypophysis or stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, arousing the release of the PRL inhibitory factor. Hence, dopamine agonists have proven to offer clinical benefits among autoimmune patients and represent a promising therapy to be explored. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the link between PRL, autoimmune diseases, and motherhood.

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Section: Prl and Immune Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin and Autoimmunity

Orbach

Zandman‐Goddard

Boaz

et al. 2011

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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“…Whether NP effects rag1 expression via an estrogen-dependent pathway is not clear and needs further investigation. Estrogens are known to be involved in several developmental processes (Hall et al, 2001) and are known to affect the immune system (Peeva and Zouali, 2005). It has also been shown that E2 treatment downregulates rag1 expression in mice (Rijhsinghani et al, 1996;Medina et al, 2001).…”

Section: Constitutive Expression Of All Three Target Genes At 120 Hpfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular multi‐effect screening of environmental pollutants using the MolDarT

Liedtke

Muncke

Rüfenacht

et al. 2008

Environmental Toxicology

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Molecular effect detection is a useful approach for ecotoxicological screening of chemicals. We show here the application of the molecular DarT (MolDarT), where the expression of selected target genes is detected in short-term (120 h) exposed developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), thus allowing subacute multi-effect compound screening. The genes metallothionein 2 (mt2), cytochrome P450 1A1 (cyp1a1), and recombination activation gene 1 (rag1) are used as endpoints that describe detoxification/metal toxicity (mt2), detoxification/PAH toxicity (cyp1a1), and acquired immune system disruption (rag1). Each gene's developmental expression was studied in unexposed zebrafish during 4 to 120 h past fertilization (hpf), and all three genes were found to be expressed at 120 hpf. Furthermore, mt2 transcripts were present at high levels at 4 hpf, indicating a maternal transfer. For positive toxicity controls, freshly fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed for 120 hpf to ZnSO 4 , 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) and CdCl 2 . Exposure to 100 and 200 lM ZnSO 4 significantly induced mt2; 10 lM DMN and 20 lM DMN resulted in significantly increased cyp1a1 abundance; and 5 and 10 lM CdCl 2 significantly reduced rag1 expression levels. Furthermore, we analysed these target genes for their expression in zebrafish eggs from a previous exposure study. The eggs were exposed for 120 hpf to the environmental pollutants estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), nonylphenol (NP), atrazine, cyproconazol, and bisphenol A (BPA) and found differential expression of the three genes. Exposure to the (xeno-)estrogenic compound NP (0.75 lM) significantly lowered mt2 expression. This study shows the potential of short-term in vivo multi-effect screenings within one single subacute exposure using the MolDarT. # 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 23: 59-67, 2008

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“…Furthermore, it has been established that PRL is associated with interleukin 2 (IL-2) expression, T-cell proliferation, and the modulation of B cell proliferation. 4 Several studies have reported significantly higher PRL levels in SLE patients, and these higher levels of PRL compared with the controls were significantly related to SLE activity. 4,5 Prolactin can be found in the circulation in one of three isoforms based on its molecular weight: monomeric PRL (small PRL; molecular weight 23 kDa), dimeric PRL (medium PRL; molecular weight 50-60 kDa), and polymeric PRL [large PRL/ macroprolactin (maPRL); molecular weight 150-170 kDa).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…4 Several studies have reported significantly higher PRL levels in SLE patients, and these higher levels of PRL compared with the controls were significantly related to SLE activity. 4,5 Prolactin can be found in the circulation in one of three isoforms based on its molecular weight: monomeric PRL (small PRL; molecular weight 23 kDa), dimeric PRL (medium PRL; molecular weight 50-60 kDa), and polymeric PRL [large PRL/ macroprolactin (maPRL); molecular weight 150-170 kDa). 6 Moreover, a previous report by Vera-Lastra et al 7 indicated that small PRL had more of an influence on SLE activity; however, another study by García et al 8 found that maPRL affected SLE activity more profoundly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Correlation Between the Molecular Heterogeneity of Prolactin and Autoantibody and Complement Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

et al. 2014

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Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the molecular heterogeneity of prolactin (PRL) and anti-doublestranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA), anti-C1q, and complement 3 (C3) levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients and methods:This study included 30 premenopausal females with SLE from the Rheumatology Clinic of Doctor Saiful Anwar General Hospital in Malang, Indonesia and 30 healthy females as the control group. Prolactin heterogeneity (small and large) was determined using the ultra filtration method and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, while the total PRL, anti-dsDNA, anti-C1q, and C3 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:The mean total PRL and small PRL serum levels for the SLE patients were 13.83±8.78 ng/mL and 4.45±1.88 ng/mL, respectively, whereas they were 9.14±3.85 ng/mL and 2.49±0.29 ng/mL, respectively for the healthy controls, indicating a significant difference between the groups (p=0.01 and p=0.00, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the small PRL serum levels and the anti-dsDNA (r=0.978; p=0.00) and C3 (r= -0.970; p=0.00) levels. Conclusion:The activity disease of SLE patients was correlated with the level of small PRL but not with total PRL.

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Spotlight on the role of hormonal factors in the emergence of autoreactive B-lymphocytes

Cited by 106 publications

References 250 publications

Prolactin and Autoimmunity

Prolactin and Autoimmunity

Molecular multi‐effect screening of environmental pollutants using the MolDarT

The Correlation Between the Molecular Heterogeneity of Prolactin and Autoantibody and Complement Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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