Spot the Difference: Engineered and Natural Nanoparticles in the Environment—Release, Behavior, and Fate

Wagner, Stephan; Gondikas, Andreas; Neubauer, Elisabeth; Hofmann, Thilo; Kammer, Frank von der

doi:10.1002/anie.201405050

Cited by 231 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…particles with a size of 1–100 nm) are no particular novelty raised in the centuries of industrialization, as they are formed naturally, e.g. by volcanic activities or forest fires [1–4]. However, nowadays, nanoparticles are specifically synthesized to find their application in electronics, medicine, human care products, and many other sectors [2, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-sized Al2O3 reduces acute toxic effects of thiacloprid on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius

et al. 2017

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This study focuses on interactions between nanoparticles and a pesticide. The aim was to investigate how nano-sized aluminum oxide (410 nm) can alter the toxic effects of thiacloprid, even if no sorption between particles and the insecticide takes place. Thus, our study investigated a rather unexplored interaction. We conducted our research with larvae of Chironomus riparius and used thiacloprid as test substance as its toxicity to C. riparius is well described. The used nano-Al2O3 particles where chosen due to their suitable properties. For testing the acute effects of the interaction, we exposed larvae to thiacloprid (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 μg/L) and nano-Al2O3 (300 and 1000 mg/L), either solely or in binary mixtures. While thiacloprid resulted in elevated mortality, nano-Al2O3 solely did not exert any effects. Moreover, we observed an aggregation of nano-Al2O3 within the lumen of the intestinal tract of the larvae. Further results showed a significantly reduced mortality of fourth instar larvae when they were exposed to mixtures of nanoparticles and the pesticide, compared to thiacloprid alone. With increasing nano-Al2O3 concentration, this effect became gradually stronger. Additionally, chemical analyses of internal thiacloprid concentrations implicate reduced uptake of thiacloprid in animals exposed to mixtures. However, as larvae exposed to thiacloprid concentrations > 0.5 μg/L showed severe convulsions, independent of the presence or concentration of nano-Al2O3, we assume that nano-Al2O3 leads to a delay of mortality and does not entirely prevent it. As sorption measurements on pristine or defecated nano-Al2O3 did not reveal any sorptive interaction with thiacloprid, we can exclude sorption-based reduction of thiacloprid bioavailability as a mechanism behind our results. Even though we used test substances which might not co-occur in the environment in the tested concentrations, our study gives evidence for an interaction besides adsorption, which is important to generally understand how nanoparticles might affect biota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-sized Al2O3 reduces acute toxic effects of thiacloprid on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius

et al. 2017

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“…934 Similarly, differences in ATP-ase activity (ATP: adenosine triphos-935 phate) and in the cellular uptake of particles were observed in vari-936 ants of CeO 2 nanomaterials created during assorted synthesis 937 techniques (Dowding et al, 2013). 938 Hydrophobicity has been addressed as key property to deter-939 mine the uptake, fate and transport of non-nanosized substances 940 or nanomaterials (Wagner et al, 2014). particles', other nanomaterials may need to be grouped using 995 additional aspects of grouping discussed below depending on the 996 toxicity endpoint.…”

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confidence: 99%

A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)

Arts

Hadi

Irfan

et al. 2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

220

222

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The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) 'Nano Task Force' proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) that consists of 3 tiers to assign nanomaterials to 4 main groups, to perform sub-grouping within the main groups and to determine and refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial's life cycle and biological pathways, i.e. intrinsic material and system-dependent properties, biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, cellular and apical toxic effects. Use (including manufacture), release and route of exposure are applied as 'qualifiers' within the DF4nanoGrouping to determine if, e.g. nanomaterials cannot be released from a product matrix, which may justify the waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble nanomaterials, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio nanomaterials, (3) passive nanomaterials, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping aims to group nanomaterials by their specific mode-of-action that results in an apical toxic effect. This is eventually directed by a nanomaterial's intrinsic properties. However, since the exact correlation of intrinsic material properties and apical toxic effect is not yet established, the DF4nanoGrouping uses the 'functionality' of nanomaterials for grouping rather than relying on intrinsic material properties alone. Such functionalities include system-dependent material properties (such as dissolution rate in biologically relevant media), bio-physical interactions, in vitro effects and release and exposure. The DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard and risk assessment tool that applies modern toxicology and contributes to the sustainable development of nanotechnological products. It ensures that no studies are performed that do not provide crucial data and therefore saves animals and resources.

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“…Over the last two decades, nanoparticles consisting of ZnO or TiO 2 have been used as very efficient physical UV-blocking materials. As the natural background for TiO 2 is relatively high in surface water, such as lakes and rivers [99], the use of TiO 2 as a UV-blocking agent is less hazardous than the “normal” chemical cocktail in sun creams. However, recently an intense discussion was started on the possible carcinogenic effect in the lung after inhalation of sun screens, as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) stated: “Titanium dioxide is [a] possible carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) based on sufficient evidence in experimental animals and inadequate evidence from epidemiological studies” [100].…”

Section: Green Toxicology For Nanomaterials: Read-across and Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Toxicology: a strategy for sustainable chemical and material development

et al. 2017

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Green Toxicology refers to the application of predictive toxicology in the sustainable development and production of new less harmful materials and chemicals, subsequently reducing waste and exposure. Built upon the foundation of “Green Chemistry” and “Green Engineering”, “Green Toxicology” aims to shape future manufacturing processes and safe synthesis of chemicals in terms of environmental and human health impacts. Being an integral part of Green Chemistry, the principles of Green Toxicology amplify the role of health-related aspects for the benefit of consumers and the environment, in addition to being economical for manufacturing companies. Due to the costly development and preparation of new materials and chemicals for market entry, it is no longer practical to ignore the safety and environmental status of new products during product development stages. However, this is only possible if toxicologists and chemists work together early on in the development of materials and chemicals to utilize safe design strategies and innovative in vitro and in silico tools. This paper discusses some of the most relevant aspects, advances and limitations of the emergence of Green Toxicology from the perspective of different industry and research groups. The integration of new testing methods and strategies in product development, testing and regulation stages are presented with examples of the application of in silico, omics and in vitro methods. Other tools for Green Toxicology, including the reduction of animal testing, alternative test methods, and read-across approaches are also discussed.

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Spot the Difference: Engineered and Natural Nanoparticles in the Environment—Release, Behavior, and Fate

Cited by 231 publications

References 182 publications

Nano-sized Al2O3 reduces acute toxic effects of thiacloprid on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius

Nano-sized Al2O3 reduces acute toxic effects of thiacloprid on the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius

A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)

Green Toxicology: a strategy for sustainable chemical and material development

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