Sporulation of Mesophilic Clostridia

Roberts, T. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1967.tb00321.x

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nevertheless, sporulation of strain 8797 in cooked turkey leg muscle ( Table 2 ) was comparable to that in CMM which has been used as a sporulation medium for CE. welchii (Roberts, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium welchii in Breast and Leg Muscle of Poultry

Mead

1969

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Growth of a heat resistant, food poisoning strain of Clostridiuin welchii was followed in raw, minced breast and leg muscle of the chicken. Within the range 22-50' growth was slightly more rapid in the leg (pH 8.5-6.7) than in the breast (pH 5.6-5.7) and was fastest in leg muscle at 50". No growth occurred at 15 or 52".In a comparison between chicken and turkey, inoculated breast and leg muscle werc cooked for 1 h at 85' and held a t 37". Multiplication of surviving organisms was initiated much more rapidly in chicken than in turkey meat, though the growth rates were comparable in each case.Sporulation of several strains of CZ. iuelchii, including other heat resistant, food poisoning types, was generally 10-100 times greater in leg than in breast muscle of the chicken. Differences in sporulation could be attributcd both to differences in pH and type of meat.

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“…Nevertheless, sporulation of strain 8797 in cooked turkey leg muscle ( Table 2 ) was comparable to that in CMM which has been used as a sporulation medium for CE. welchii (Roberts, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium welchii in Breast and Leg Muscle of Poultry

Mead

1969

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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“…For morphological examinations, organisms were streaked on 1% glucose blood agar, and the plates were incubated for 36 h at 37 C. These cultures were used for the observation of colony shape and Gram stain. For detection of endospores, the organisms were cultured in Roberts cooked meat broth for 5 days (21) and stained with Wirtz stain (27). Estimation of the growth response to sugars was made as follows.…”

Section: Int J Syst Bacteriolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Taxonomy of Saccharolytic Clostridia, Particularly Clostridium perfringens-Like Strains: Descriptions of Clostridium absonum sp. n. and Clostridium paraperfringens

Nakamura¹,

Shimamura²,

Hayase³

et al. 1973

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Clostridium perfringens-like strains whose taxonomic position is uncertain were examined in detail. The lecithinases of these strains exhibited less avidity to the alpha-antitoxin of C. perfringens than did the C. perfringens lecithinase. On the basis of a computer analysis, the C. perfringens-like strains were grouped into two phenons, I and 111, both of which are distinctly separable from C. perfringens (phenon 11). Strains previously identified by us as belonging to Clostridium paraperfringens Nakamura et al. 1970, including strain G (= ATCC 27639), here designated as the type strain of C. paraperfringens, were found to belong t o phenon I, and the strains of phenon I11 are regarded as constituting a new species, for which we propose the name Clostridium absonum. The type strain of C. absonum is HA-7103 (= ATCC 27555). The main characters differentiating C. absonum from C. perfringens are as follows: C. absonum produces a lecithinase which exhibits extremely low avidity t o C. perfringens alpha-antitoxin, rapidly ferments salicin, does not ferment raffinose, and does not liquefy 10% gelatin; the main characters of C. absonum which differentiate it from phenon I strains are: larger cell width, a distinctly stronger lecithinase reaction, liquefaction of 2% gelatin, production of butanol, and weak toxicity for mice. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNAFDNA homology studies of phenons I, 11, and I11 confirmed the validity of the above-mentioned groupings. A computer analysis of other saccharolytic clostridia revealed that C. butyricum, C. acetobutyricurn, and C. multifermentans are associated by similarity values higher than 90% and that C. septicum and C. chauvoei constitute separate, but closely related, taxa.In a previous communication, Nakamura et al. (15) proposed a new species, Clostridium paraperfringens, for strains isolated from a case of gas gangrene, from normal human intestines, and from soil samples. A type strain was not designated for this new species. The lecithinases produced by most of these C. perfn'ngens-like strains on half-antitoxin Nagler agar (26) were completely suppressed by an excessive amount of C. perfringens antitoxin although they exhibited less avidity t o C. perfringens alphaantitoxin than did the lecithinase of C. perfringens. These strains were nontoxic. Later, we encountered another group of C. perfringenslike strains which were toxigenic. The present work was carried out to elucidate the taxonomic relationship of the above-mentioned groups of C. perfringens-like strains t o C.perfringens as well as to other saccharolytic clostridia by the use of numerical taxonomy, to detect their genetic relatedness by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology analysis, and to designate the type strain of C. paraperfringens. Because no computer analysis has been performed on clostridia to date, we also considered it worthwhile t o examine a number of saccharolytic strains by this method, particularly those belonging to C. septicum and C.chauvoei.

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“…Trypticase-peptone-glucose (TPG) broth was prepared according to Schmidt, Nank, and Lechowich (23). A medium resembling TPG, but incorporating additions of yeast extract (Difco) and ammonium sulfate (TPAY-GT), was prepared according to Roberts (21). The commercially prepared media were rehydrated according to each suppliers recommendations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enrichment, Isolation, and Cultural Characteristics of Marine Strains of Clostridium botulinum Type C

Segner¹,

Schmidt²,

Boltz³

1971

Applied Microbiology

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Terrestrial strains of Clostridium botulinum type C, designated 468 and 571, were used to screen various media for growth and sporulation at 30 C. Of the various formulations tested, only egg meat medium fortified with 1% additions of yeast extract, ammonium sulfate, and glucose (FEM medium) gave good growth and satisfactory sporulation. FEM medium was used to recover four marine type C isolates from inshore sediments collected along the Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific coasts of the United States. The isolation techniques involved repeated transfer of cultures showing type C toxin in FEM medium and purification by a deep tube method. The medium used for purification was beef infusion-agar supplemented with 0.14% sodium bicarbonate and 0.1% L-cysteine hydrochloride. L-Cysteine was adopted in preference to sodium thioglycolate, because some lots of the latter were definitely inhibitory for growth. The addition of bicarbonate markedly increased viable spore counts of both the marine and terrestrial strains. Various cultural and biochemical characteristics of the marine and the terrestrial strains were compared. With the exception of some variations in their fermentation patterns, both groups showed similar characteristics. Of 23 fermentable compounds tested, the terrestrial strains attacked only glucose and mannose. The marine strains fermented glucose, mannose, galactose, and ribose actively; dextrin, inositol, maltose, and melibiose were weakly fermented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Origin of terrestrial strains. Strains 468 and 57.1 were obtained from the National Canners Association Laboratory at Berkeley, Calif. They were originally isolated by A. R. Prevot from animals reportedly dead from type C botulism. Sources of marine sediments. Various marine sedi-1017

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Sporulation of Mesophilic Clostridia

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium welchii in Breast and Leg Muscle of Poultry

Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium welchii in Breast and Leg Muscle of Poultry

Numerical Taxonomy of Saccharolytic Clostridia, Particularly Clostridium perfringens-Like Strains: Descriptions of Clostridium absonum sp. n. and Clostridium paraperfringens

Enrichment, Isolation, and Cultural Characteristics of Marine Strains of Clostridium botulinum Type C

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