Sports-related sudden cardiac deaths in the young population of Switzerland

Asatryan, Babken; Vital, Cristina; Kellerhals, Christoph; Medeiros-Domingo, Argelia; Gräni, Christoph; Trachsel, Lukas; Schmied, Christian; Saguner, Ardan M.; Eser, Prisca; Herzig, David; Bolliger, Stephan A.; Michaud, Katarzyna; Wilhelm, Matthias

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174434

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A recent European study reported an autopsy rate in young sudden death of less than 50%. 45 Where autopsy is not used, cause of death may be misclassified, although the impact of this misclassification on overall incidence is uncertain. In some cases, cause of death may remain uncertain even after autopsy.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo summarise studies describing incidence of sudden cardiac death in a general population of young individuals to inform screening policy.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesDatabase searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library (all inception to current) on 29 April 2019 (updated 16 November 2019), and forward/backward citation tracking of eligible studies.Study eligibility criteriaAll studies that reported incidence of sudden cardiac death in young individuals (12–39 years) in a general population, with no restriction on language or date. Planned subgroups were incidence by age, sex, race and athletic status (including military personnel).Data extractionTwo reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies.AnalysisReported incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young per 100 000 person-years.Results38 studies that reported incidence across five continents. We identified substantial heterogeneity in population, sudden cardiac death definition, and case ascertainment methods, precluding meta-analysis. Median reported follow-up years was 6.97 million (IQR 2.34 million–23.70 million) and number of sudden cardiac death cases was 64 (IQR 40–251). In the general population, the median of reported incidence was 1.7 sudden cardiac death per 100 000 person-years (IQR 1.3–2.6, range 0.75–11.9). Most studies (n=14, 54%) reported an incidence between one and two cases per 100 000 person-years. Incidence was higher in males and older individuals.ConclusionsThis systematic review identified variability in the reported incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young across studies. Most studies reported an incidence between one and two cases per 100 000 person-years.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120563.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…SCD in young people has an estimated incidence of 0.46-3.7 events per 100000 person-years and it is more frequent in men than women as summarized in Table 1 [ 8 , 9 ]. In young people it relates to channelopathies and cardiomyopathies [ 10 – 14 ], myocarditis and substance abuse [ 15 – 20 ]. The risk of SCD increases with age due to the higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), valvular heart diseases and heart failure (HF) in older age [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability as predictive factor for sudden cardiac death

Sessa

Valenzano

Messina

et al. 2018

Aging

227

145

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents about 25% of deaths in clinical cardiology. The identification of risk factors for SCD is the philosopher's stone of cardiology and the identification of non-invasive markers of risk of SCD remains one of the most important goals for the scientific community.The aim of this review is to analyze the state of the art around the heart rate variability (HRV) as a predictor factor for SCD.HRV is probably the most analyzed index in cardiovascular risk stratification technical literature, therefore an important number of models and methods have been developed.Nowadays, low HRV has been shown to be independently predictive of increased mortality in post- myocardial infarction patients, heart failure patients, in contrast with the data of the general population.Contrariwise, the relationship between HRV and SCD has received scarce attention in low-risk cohorts. Furthermore, in general population the attributable risk is modest and the cost/benefit ratio is not always convenient.The HRV evaluation could become an important tool for health status in risks population, even though the use of HRV alone for risk stratification of SCD is limited and further studies are needed.

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“…SCD might be the first finding in these completely asymptomatic, previously healthy children. 21,22 This condition also leads an ongoing debate in medical screening of sports preparticipation and lack of a standard method. In addition, there is no study for the efficacy or cost-effectiveness of different procedures applied in our country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparticipation Sports Examination of Healthy Children: When Should be Referred to Pediatric Cardiologist?

Kayalı¹,

Belder²

2020

Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr

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ABS TRACT Objective: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) that may occur during sports activation of young healthy athletes is a painful condition and impose responsibilities on both families and physicians. Although, there is not an established standard protocol in medical screening of sports preparticipation, any of the screening procedure cannot completely rule out the presence of cardiovascular disease and prevent from SCD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of cardiac anomalies in healthy children evaluated by electrocardiography (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography before sports participation and to question the necessity of pediatric cardiologist evaluation in the light of the available data. Material and Methods: All children who were admitted to Pediatric Cardiology Department of Keçiören Training and Research Hospital to get certificate to conform sports activation and underwent cardiac examination, ECG and echocardiography between October 2018 and October 2019 were enrolled in the study and findings were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 785 children and adolescents with median age of 12 (minumum 5-maximum 18) years were enrolled in the study in one year period. A total of 27 (3.4%) participants showed abnormal findings on physical examination. ECG abnormalities were detected in 48 (6.1%) participants. Structural cardiac anomalies were observed in 53 (6.7%) participants by echocardiography. None of the echocardiographic diagnoses were hemodynamically significant. Conclusion: Echocardiography allows to diagnose cardiomyopathies or hemodynamically significant structural heart diseases which lead to decision of sports disqualification. However, in such a case, symptoms and ECG abnormalities may occur earlier and may be a guide for physicians for further examination. Comprehensive cardiac evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist including echocardiography should be performed in patients with suspected personal and family history, pathological findings in physical examination and/or pathological ECG findings.

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Sports-related sudden cardiac deaths in the young population of Switzerland

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young: a systematic review

Incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young: a systematic review

Heart rate variability as predictive factor for sudden cardiac death

The Preparticipation Sports Examination of Healthy Children: When Should be Referred to Pediatric Cardiologist?

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