Sports medicine leaders working with government and public health to plan a ‘return-to-sport’ during the COVID-19 pandemic: the UK’s collaborative five-stage model for elite sport

Kemp, Simon; Cowie, Charlotte; Gillett, Mark; Higgins, Richard; Hill, Jerry; Iqbal, Zafar; Jackson, P.; Jaques, Rod; Larkin, Jo; Phillips, Gemma; Peirce, Nicholas; Calder, James D.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102834

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1 It has been estimated up to 44% of transmission occurs prior to symptom onset, when viral loads are highest, 2 meaning people are unaware of the infection and will continue in their daily activities, including sports participation. All team sport in the UK was postponed and subsequently cancelled from mid-March 2020 and although a staged return to elite sport was enabled from April, 3 there was concern that participation in community sport could risk disease transmission. Limited return in team sport with strict hygiene measures at sports grounds and rule changes for some contact sports were imposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk from sports Equipment (STRIKE)

Edwards

Kay

Aljayyoussi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential of shared sporting equipment as transmission vectors of SARS-CoV-2 during the reintroduction of sports such as soccer, rugby, cricket, tennis, golf and gymnastics. SETTING: Laboratory based live SARS-CoV-2 virus study. INTERVENTIONS: Ten different types of sporting equipment were inoculated with 40μl droplets containing clinically relevant high and low concentrations of live SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials were then swabbed at time points relevant to sports (1, 5, 15, 30, 90 minutes). The amount of live SARS-CoV-2 recovered at each time point was enumerated using viral plaque assays, and viral decay and half-life was estimated through fitting linear models to log transformed data from each material. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measure was quantification of retrievable SARS-CoV-2 virus from each piece of equipment at pre-determined time points. RESULTS: At one minute, SARS-CoV-2 virus was recovered in only seven of the ten types of equipment with the low dose inoculum, one at five minutes and none at 15 minutes. Retrievable virus dropped significantly for all materials tested using the high dose inoculum with mean recovery of virus falling to 0.74% at 1 minute, 0.39% at 15 minutes and 0.003% at 90 minutes. Viral recovery, predicted decay, and half-life varied between materials with porous surfaces limiting virus transmission. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there is an exponential reduction in SARS-CoV-2 recoverable from a range of sports equipment after a short time period, and virus is less transferrable from materials such as a tennis ball, red cricket ball and cricket glove. Given this rapid loss of viral load and the fact that transmission requires a significant inoculum to be transferred from equipment to the mucous membranes of another individual it seems unlikely that sports equipment is a major cause for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. These findings have important policy implications in the context of the pandemic and may promote other infection control measures in sports to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and urge sports equipment manufacturers to identify surfaces that may or may not be likely to retain transferable virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk from sports Equipment (STRIKE)

Edwards

Kay

Aljayyoussi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The tool establishes a homogeneous language for communication and feedback between sports specialties and entities, being a service to the sporting community that could not solve in isolation, due to its limited management capacity and resources. The union of administration, federations, and universities with FCOVID-DXTG represent an example of an open way of working as international authors suggested (Habersaat et al, 2020) and (Kemp et al, 2020). Also, The Council of Europe (06/26/2020) urged the governments of the member states to "support the recovery and promote the sustainable development of the sport, to provide support to the sports sector through programs and EU funds.…”

Section: Methodological Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk perception and security are parts of the same continuum, so it is essential to explore in detail the risks to understand how to manage them. Resilience and sustainability are needed to make entities, events, and training viable (Kemp et al, 2020;Stokes et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of the Sports Social Environment After the Development and Implementation of an Identification Tool for Contagious Risk Situations in Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lete-Lasa¹,

Martín-Acero²,

Díaz³

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The present work details the methodological process for creating a tool for the identification of COVID-19 potential contagion situations in sport and physical education before, during, and after practice and competition. It is a tool that implies an educational and methodological process with all the agents of the sports system. This tool identifies the large number of interactions occurring through sports action and everything that surrounds it in training, competition, and its organization. The aim is to prepare contingency protocols based on an exhaustive analysis, risk detection, and proposal of contingency measures trying to reduce the residual risk to a minimum. In a second part, the results of the implementation of this tool in the sports system of Galicia (Spain) are shown revealing the change in perception about the coronavirus transmission in sport of the technicians and the problem for returning to sport for athletes under 18 years.

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“…Public Health England policy and the staged framework issued by the United Kingdom (UK) Government on Return To Training 1 5 were used as templates.…”

Section: Stakeholder Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 is the clinical illness caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, first identified in humans in December 2019 and declared a global pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. 1 Transmission is by aerosol and droplet, via surface contact (fomite spread) and directly through aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). 2 3 Therefore, physical distancing and strict personal and environmental hygiene measures are paramount in reducing infection rates, transmission and disease prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interassociation consensus recommendations for pitch-side emergency care and personal protective equipment for elite sport during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated many novel responses in healthcare including sport and exercise medicine. The cessation of elite sport almost globally has had significant economic implications and resulted in pressure to resume sport in very controlled conditions. This includes protecting pitch-side medical staff and players from infection. The ongoing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the desire to resume professional sport required urgent best practice guidelines to be developed so that sport could be resumed as safely as possible. This set of best practice recommendations assembles early evidence for managing SARS-CoV-2 and integrates expert opinion to provide a uniform and pragmatic approach to enhance on-field and pitch-side safety for the clinician and player. The nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission creates new hazards during resuscitation and emergency care and procedures. Recommendations for the use and type of personal protective equipment during on-field or pitch-side emergency medical care is provided based on the clinical scenario and projected risk of viral transmission.

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Sports medicine leaders working with government and public health to plan a ‘return-to-sport’ during the COVID-19 pandemic: the UK’s collaborative five-stage model for elite sport

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk from sports Equipment (STRIKE)

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk from sports Equipment (STRIKE)

Perception of the Sports Social Environment After the Development and Implementation of an Identification Tool for Contagious Risk Situations in Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Interassociation consensus recommendations for pitch-side emergency care and personal protective equipment for elite sport during the COVID-19 pandemic

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