Sports-based distribution of facial fractures – findings from a four-season country

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between injury mechanisms and sports-related facial fractures, and to evaluate the changes in incidence rates of facial fractures sustained in sports-related events in a 30-year period. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients sports-related facial fractures admitted to a tertiary trauma centre during 2013-2018. Specific fracture types, sports, injury mechanisms as well as patient-and injury related variables are presented. The results underwent evaluated statistically with logistic regression analysis. Results: Facial fractures occurred most frequently while playing ice hockey and football. Unilateral zygomatic-maxillary-orbital and isolated mandibular fractures accounted for 74.2% of all fracture types. In total, 99 patients (46.5%) required surgical intervention for their facial injuries. About 12.7% of patients sustained associated injuries in addition to facial fractures. Overall, the number of sportsrelated facial fractures has increased during the last three decades mostly due to the surging rates of ice hockey-and football-related facial fractures. Conclusions: Sport-related facial fractures have markedly increased in different sports disciplines during the past decades. The use of safety gear to protect the facial area should be enforced particularly in ice hockey.

Sporto Metu Patiriami Veido Ir Žandikaulių Srities Sužalojimai

“…visų veido srities stereotipų ar savo fizinių galimybių supratimo jauname amžiuje [6,7]. Įvairiose sporto šakose traumuojamos skirtingos veido sritys dėl sporto šakai būdingų kontakto mechanizmų: sportininko-sportininko kontakto ir sportininko-aplinkos kontakto [8].…”

“…Remiantis skirtingose šalyse atliktais įvairių autorių tyrimais, galima pastebėti, jog veido srities sužalojimai skiriasi priklausomai nuo lyties, regiono ar šalies ir sporto šakų populiarumo [4,8].…”

“…Puolakkainen ir kt. [8] aprašytame tyrime, apėmusiame 123 pacientus, nustatyta, kad vyrai patiria veido traumas dažniau, nei moterys, atitinkamai 77,5 ir 22,5 procento (1 pav.). J. Diab ir kt.…”

“…T. Puolakkainen ir kt. [8] tyrime dažniausiai traumuojamas zygomatikomaksiliarinis kompleksas (39,9 proc.). Abiejuose tyrimuose antra labiausiai sužalojama sritis yra apatinis žandikaulis, atitinkamai 26,6 ir 34,3 procento.…”

“…Trečia pagal dažnumą T. Puolakkainen ir kt. [8] tyrime patiriama trauma buvo kelių sričių lūžiai, tačiau J. Diab ir kt. [9] tyrime trečia dažniausiai traumuojama sritis yra akiduobė.…”