“…Jaroszewski [13] and Fonkalsrud and Beanes [20] describe the following symptoms in patients with congenital chest deformities: exertional shortness of breath, physical exercise limitation, frequent respiratory infections, bronchial asthma, exercise chest pain, progressive fitness loss, palpitations, tachycardia, and increased fatigue. These factors, along with the psychological problems associated with changing the appearance of the chest, negatively affect the relationship of patients to physical activity [21,22].…”