Sport Psychology: Concepts and Applications (3rd Ed.)

Foster, Connie

doi:10.1123/tsp.10.2.207

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…However, although often recommended, and possessing some empirical support (Cratty, 1989;Onestak, 1991) a number of issues surround their use. In particular, (1) athletes are required to devote time and effort to their mastery (Cox, 2002;Patel, 1991;Payne, 2000); (2) the relaxation process can be lengthy (Patel, 1991); (3) methods such as biofeedback require specialised equipment (Cratty, 1989;Patel, 1991) and (4) these procedures tend to promote deep relaxation, a state that is not necessarily required prior to competition (Crocker, Kowalski, & Graham, 2002). It is perhaps because of these constraints that these relaxation methods are not readily adopted by the sporting community (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of relaxing music for anxiety control on competitive sport anxiety

Elliott

Polman

Taylor

2012

European Journal of Sport Science

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This investigation examined the effects of relaxing music for anxiety control on measures of competitive state anxiety and the performance of a simple motor skill. Seventy-two undergraduate students volunteered to participate in the study. Participants were informed that they would be required to partake in a sport competition, possibly with an audience present, and possibly whilst being filmed. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three intervention conditions, listening to relaxing music for anxiety control, listening to non-relaxing music or a no music control. During the 10-minute intervention period, measures of anxiety (CSAI-2R, subjective relaxation and HR) were taken on three occasions (baseline, pre-intervention and post-intervention). Repeated measures MANOVA showed that all three interventions provoked significant reductions in competitive state anxiety. Condition had no impact upon any of the DVs. These results suggest that listening to relaxing music for anxiety control was no more effective at reducing competitive state anxiety than non-relaxing music or a period of silence. ES, mean difference and 90% CI data did however provide some support for the application of relaxing music for anxiety control. There were no between-condition differences in motor task performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of relaxing music for anxiety control on competitive sport anxiety

Elliott

Polman

Taylor

2012

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…Arousal is a complex physiological process involving activation of the sympathetic nervous system that represents nonspecific physiological responses such as muscle tension, increased heart rate, and metabolic rates (Buckworth & dishman, 2002;Robazza, Pellizzari, Bertollo, & Hanin, 2008). In sport, what is often referred to as an arousal response is actually a change in autonomic nervous system activity that can be viewed as a continuum ranging from total relaxation to extreme excitement (Cox, 2006). Anxiety, on the other hand, is a cognitive response that represents the way in which people interpret a specific situation and the emotions they associate with the interpretation (Schmidt & Wrisberg, 2008) and may be characterized by negative emotional states such as worry or apprehension (Weinberg & Gould, 2011).…”

Section: What Is Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the realm of sport psychology, the definition of intensity has been a point of contention for decades because it is difficult to separate the physical (arousal) and mental (intensity) reactions to athletic competition (Cox, 2006;landers & Arent, 2010;Spielberger, 1966). Theorists have suggested that intensity is best viewed as a multidimensional construct that includes emotional, cognitive, and physiological factors (Hanin, 2007;Hardy, Beattie, & Woodman, 2007).…”

Section: What Is Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original research did not focus on intensity and sport performance but, rather, explored the relationship between performance and stimulus intensity with rats involved in maze discrimination learning. As the rats' degree of learning difficulty increased, the optimal level of electrical stimulus for learning decreased (Cox, 2006). In other words, yerkes and dodson (1908) found that increases in intensity produced commensurate improvements in performance, but only up to a specified point, after which greater intensity inhibited performance (Raglin & Wilson, 2009).…”

Section: Inverted-u Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the current IZoF model is multidimensional. It incorporates somatic, cognitive, and self-confidence components of intensity and considers how these factors interact to influence sport performance (Cox, 2006;landers & Arent, 2010).…”

Section: Individual Zone Of Optimal Functioning Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensity regulation and sport performance.

Wilson¹,

Taylor²

Exploring Sport and Exercise Psychology (3rd Ed.).

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Relationship Between Perceived Sports Competence and Motivational Orientations in Hong Kong Secondary School Context

Tsang¹

2003

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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I am most fortunate to have both Dr. Antoinette Minniti and Dr. Attila Szabo as my Directors of Studies. In the first five years, Dr. Szabo guided me all the way through the registration as MPhil/PhD student, successfully transferred to PhD studies and to the final stage of thesis submission. When I had a difficult time for the completion of this thesis, I was most fortunate to have Dr. Minniti stepped in and offered her assistance. Without both o f their unconditional support, it would be impossible for me to complete this work. May I take this opportunity to express my deepest appreciation to both of you. I would also like to thank my supervisors Dr. Clive Williams and Dr. Ellen Billet for their continuing support, help, guidance and patience. Appreciation also goes to Dr. Chris Slade from the Faculty o f Education at the Nottingham Trent University, for her valuable comments in response to my first year report in May, 2002. Thank you very much. I had wonderful support from my friends and colleagues at the Hong Kong Institute of Education with whom I have shared experience and have had the chance to discuss and share ideas. A special thank goes to Dr. Edward Chow for assisting me in the data analysis.I would also like to acknowledge those schools, principals and P.E. teachers for allowing me to collect data, their assistance were paramount in the completion of this study.Last, but not the least, I am highly indebted to my wife, Michelle, and my daughters, Natalie and Karen for their love, patience, and unending support throughout my programme of study.

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Sport Psychology: Concepts and Applications (3rd Ed.)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of relaxing music for anxiety control on competitive sport anxiety

The effects of relaxing music for anxiety control on competitive sport anxiety

Intensity regulation and sport performance.

Relationship Between Perceived Sports Competence and Motivational Orientations in Hong Kong Secondary School Context

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