Sport Performance and Manual Therapies: A Review on the Effects on Mitochondrial, Sarcoplasmatic and Ca2+ Flux Response

Abstract

The present narrative review aims to highlight the possible effects manual therapies could have on cells and mitochondria, as these effects could improve athletic performance management. To this aim, this review summarizes the relationship between mechanical stimulation, with a special focus on physical activity, and cell response based on the most recent mechanobiology findings. Mechanobiology analyzes how cells respond to mechanical stressors coming from the environment. Indeed, endogenous (e.g., blood pressure, heartbeat and gastrointestinal motility) and exogenous (e.g., physical activity and manual therapies) stimuli can induce biochemical and epigenetic modifications that alter protein synthesis with heavy consequences on cell behavior. Mechanical stress can also influence mitochondrial behavior (i.e., biogenesis, autophagy, fusion, fission and energy production), sarcoplasmic response and calcium ion (Ca2+) flux. Since manual therapies have been shown to affect the extracellular matrix, which represents a primary source of mechanical stress that may alter both the cytoskeleton and mitochondrial metabolism, it is conceivable manual therapies could also affect cellular and mitochondrial behavior. Lastly, by suggesting possible directions for future laboratory and clinical studies, the authors expect this review to inspire further research on how manual therapies could affect bioenergetic metabolism and, thus, athletic performance.

About the possibility of rehabilitation of athletes with fractures of the bones of the lower extremities (literature review)

“…Также, под влиянием нейромедиатора ацетилхолина, возрастает скорость передачи нервных импульсов. Данные эффекты способствуют более быстрому устранению отёка и гематомы в области травмы, снижению болевого синдрома, ускорению процесса регенерации, в том числе росту костной мозоли, а также повышению эластичности и сократительной способности мышц [28,30].…”

Optimization of Tuina rolling manipulation parameters to promote blood circulation using a circulatory orthogonal experiment

“…The curative effect of rolling manipulation is determined by the stimulation quantity, which consists of the pressure, frequency and duration of manipulation 9 ) . The pressure of manipulation is the key factor in determining the stimulation quantity 10 ) .…”