Sporotrichoid Dermatosis Caused by <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> from a Public Bath

Lee, Woong Jae; Kim, Tae Won; Shur, Ki Beom; Kim, Bum Joon; Kook, Yoon Hoh; Lee, Jeung Hoon; Park, Jang Kyu

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02162.x

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Contamination and hypersensitive reactions are often due to environmental exposure (associated with, for example, hot tubs, metalworking fluids, or contaminated dust) (15-19), and many outbreaks following invasive medical procedures have been reported over the last decade (20-25). Tap water may be an important source of contamination in urban environments (13,18,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).RGM are commonly recovered from water treatment and distribution systems (31-38), probably because they can form biofilms (2, 39-41) and resist chlorination and oligotrophic conditions (42,43). Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum were the species most frequently detected in previous studies (31,34,35,40,44).…”

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confidence: 96%

Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

Dubrou¹,

Konjek

Macheras

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Nonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have been reported to commonly colonize water production and distribution systems. However, there is little information about the nature and distribution of RGM species within the different parts of such complex networks or about their clustering into specific RGM species communities. We conducted a large-scale survey between 2007 and 2009 in the Parisian urban tap water production and distribution system. We analyzed 1,418 water samples from 36 sites, covering all production units, water storage tanks, and distribution units; RGM isolates were identified by using rpoB gene sequencing. We detected 18 RGM species and putative new species, with most isolates being Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium llatzerense. Using hierarchical clustering and principal-component analysis, we found that RGM were organized into various communities correlating with water origin (groundwater or surface water) and location within the distribution network. Water treatment plants were more specifically associated with species of the Mycobacterium septicum group. On average, M. chelonae dominated network sites fed by surface water, and M. llatzerense dominated those fed by groundwater. Overall, the M. chelonae prevalence index increased along the distribution network and was associated with a correlative decrease in the prevalence index of M. llatzerense, suggesting competitive or niche exclusion between these two dominant species. Our data describe the great diversity and complexity of RGM species living in the interconnected environments that constitute the water production and distribution system of a large city and highlight the prevalence index of the potentially pathogenic species M. chelonae in the distribution network. N onpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are ubiquitous in soil and water environments (1-6). Most are harmless saprophytes, but some, such as Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus, are opportunistic pathogens that are causing increasing concern (7-9). Potentially pathogenic RGM are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, including pulmonary tract, skin, soft tissue, and disseminated infections (10-14), mostly in patients with predisposing conditions (e.g., lung diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, genetic predisposition, or immunosuppressive therapy). Contamination and hypersensitive reactions are often due to environmental exposure (associated with, for example, hot tubs, metalworking fluids, or contaminated dust) (15-19), and many outbreaks following invasive medical procedures have been reported over the last decade (20-25). Tap water may be an important source of contamination in urban environments (13,18,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).RGM are commonly recovered from water treatment and distribution systems (31-38), probably because they can form biofilms (2, 39-41) and resist chlorination and oligotrophic conditions (42,43). Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobact...

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confidence: 96%

Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

Dubrou¹,

Konjek

Macheras

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Meanwhile, new RGM species were reported: M. massiliense (4) and M. bolletii (1). These were very closely related to M. abscessus and M. chelonae but showed different susceptibility to clarithromycin, and their pathogenic potentials were shown by infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts (13,19).RGM infections are also common in South Korea (24,27,34). M. abscessus is the most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) in South Korea, second to the M. avium complex (20), in contrast to other countries such as the United States, Japan, and Sweden (9, 28, 39).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…RGM infections are also common in South Korea (24,27,34). M. abscessus is the most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) in South Korea, second to the M. avium complex (20), in contrast to other countries such as the United States, Japan, and Sweden (9,28,39).…”

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confidence: 99%

Proportions of Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii Strains among Korean Mycobacterium chelonae-Mycobacterium abscessus Group Isolates

et al. 2008

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Korean isolates of the Mycobacterium chelonae-Mycobacterium abscessus group, which had been isolated from two different hospitals in South Korea, were identified by PCR restriction analysis (PRA) and comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, rpoB, and hsp65 to evaluate the proportion of four closely related species (M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. bolletii). Of the 144 rapidly growing mycobacterial strains tested, 127 strains (88.2%) belonged to the M. chelonae-M. abscessus group. In this group, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. bolletii accounted for 0.8% (n ‫؍‬ 1), 51.2% (n ‫؍‬ 65), 46.5% (n ‫؍‬ 59), and 1.6% (n ‫؍‬ 2), respectively. Two isolates which showed discordant results, M. massiliense by rpoB sequence analysis and M. abscessus by hsp65 sequence analysis, were finally identified as M. massiliense based on the additional analysis of sodA and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer. M. abscessus group I isolates previously identified by hsp65 PRA were all found to be M. abscessus, whereas group II isolates were further identified as M. massiliense or M. bolletii by sequencing of rpoB and hsp65. Smooth, rough, or mixed colonies of both M. abscessus and M. massiliense isolates were observed. M. massiliense strains that were highly resistant to clarithromycin had a point mutation at the adenine at position 2058 (A 2058 ) or 2059 (A 2059 ) in the peptidyltransferase region of the 23S rRNA gene.Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), which include members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, the M. chelonae complex, and the M. smegmatis complex, are defined as mycobacteria that grow and form visible colonies on solid agar media within 7 days. Because of their low virulence, they usually cause respiratory tract or disseminated infections in persons with predisposing factors or who are immunosuppressed (27,29,32). However, recently, infections in immunocompetent persons have been reported more frequently. These cases are soft-tissue infections associated with trauma and injection and epidemics or pseudoepidemics that have occurred in hospitals (6, 12). Ninety-five percent of soft-tissue RGM infections are caused by members of the M. chelonae complex (7), which comprises M. chelonae, M. abscessus, and M. immunogenum. However, the situation is complex for the clinical microbiologist who must rapidly and correctly identify isolates because there are reports of heterogeneity in M. abscessus isolates. Two M. abscessus groups (groups I and II) were reported on the basis of hsp65 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (11) and sequence analysis (21) of hsp65. High heterogeneity of M. abscessus isolates was also shown by rpoB analysis (2). Meanwhile, new RGM species were reported: M. massiliense (4) and M. bolletii (1). These were very closely related to M. abscessus and M. chelonae but showed different susceptibility to clarithromycin, and their pathogenic potentials were shown by infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts (13,19).RGM infections are a...

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“…abscessus may cause cutaneous infections after contact with contaminated water in public baths. Such infections usually resolve without complications, but medical or surgical treatment is sometimes needed (7,20). M. abscessus is also capable of colonizing the respiratory tract and causes disease in certain groups of individuals.…”

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Molecular Epidemiology ofMycobacterium abscessus, with Focus on Cystic Fibrosis

et al. 2007

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Mycobacterium abscessus has been isolated increasingly often from the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It is not known whether these organisms are transmitted from person to person or acquired from environmental sources. Here, colony morphology and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern were examined for 71 isolates of M. abscessus derived from 14 CF patients, three non-CF patients with chronic respiratory M. abscessus infection or colonization, one patient with mastoiditis, and four patients with infected wounds, as well as for six isolates identified as environmental contaminants in various clinical specimens. Contaminants and wound isolates mainly exhibited smooth colony morphology, while a rough colony phenotype was significantly associated with chronic airway colonization (P ‫؍‬ 0.014). Rough strains may exhibit increased airway-colonizing capacity, the cause of which remains to be determined. Examination by PFGE of consecutive isolates from the same patient showed that they all represented a single strain, even in cases where both smooth and rough isolates were present. When PFGE patterns were compared, it was shown that 24 patients had unique strains, while four patients harbored strains indistinguishable by PFGE. Two of these were siblings with CF. The other two patients, one of whom had CF, had not had contact with each other or with the siblings. Our results show that most patients colonized by M. abscessus in the airways have unique strains, indicating that these strains derive from the environment and that patient-to-patient transmission rarely occurs.

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Sporotrichoid Dermatosis Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus from a Public Bath

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

Proportions of Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii Strains among Korean Mycobacterium chelonae-Mycobacterium abscessus Group Isolates

Molecular Epidemiology ofMycobacterium abscessus, with Focus on Cystic Fibrosis

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