Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis

Queiroz‐Telles, Flávio; Bonifáz, Alexandro; Rossow, John; Chindamporn, Ariya

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00046-x

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Factors that can also affect sensitivity of antibody detection assays include host baseline conditions, such as patient's immunological status, age, the time of disease onset, the clinical form of the disease, fungal burden and exposure to antifungal treatment 5,27,30–33 . We found a statistically significant correlation between assay sensitivity and time of disease onset; being higher sensitivity in patients with more than 21 days of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Sporotrichosis is a neglected implantation mycosis caused by Sporothrix spp. This is a disease with global distribution, but it is more frequently reported in tropical and subtropical regions around the world 1–5 . Sporotrichosis has an estimated global annual incidence rate of more than 40,000 cases per year, mainly located in endemic areas, but the data are limited due to the lack of mandatory reporting of this disease in most of the affected countries 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species has the capacity of zoonotic transmission and emerged as an agent of cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS) 1,7,8 . In the last two decades, S. brasiliensis has spread, causing CTS outbreaks across the Brazilian territory and in recent years, sporadic cases in Argentina, and Paraguay 2,5,8,10–16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporothrix brasiliensis is more virulent than other species of the Sporothrix genus, and the fixed lymphocutaneous and cutaneous forms are the most frequent clinical forms. However, CTS epidemic atypical clinical forms have been described as ocular, antigen hyperreactivity, osteoarticular, meningitis and other extracutaneous infections, adding challenges to the diagnosis of this disease 1–3,5,7,17–19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the broad clinical spectrum of this disease, the differential diagnosis of sporotrichosis with other infectious and non‐infectious diseases must be carried out, including tegumentary leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, pyoderma, cat scratch disease, chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma 5 . Due to the low specificity of the clinical manifestation, the use of specific laboratory assays is key 1,20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A lateral flow assay for the immunodiagnosis of human cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis

Cognialli

Bloss

Weiss

et al. 2022

Mycoses

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Background Cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS) caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as an important zoonosis in Brazil and neighbouring countries. Objectives Evaluate the performance of a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies in human sera. Methods A LFA for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies (Anti‐Sporo LFA) in human sera, developed by IMMY, was evaluated using 300 human sera collected prospectively at the Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná (HC‐UFPR), in Curitiba, Brazil. These specimens included 100 sera from patients with CTS. CTS cases were classified as follows: 59 lymphocutaneous, 27 fixed cutaneous,13 ocular, and one mixed form. One‐hundred specimens from patients with other mycoses, including cryptococcosis (n = 32), candidemia (n = 27), paracoccidioidomycosis (n = 14), aspergillosis (n = 10), histoplasmosis (n = 9), fusariosis (n = 4), lobomycosis (n = 1), chromoblastomycosis (n = 1), mucormycosis (n = 1) and trichosporonosis (n = 1). And 100 specimens from apparently healthy volunteers (AHV). Results The Anti‐Sporo LFA showed a global sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74%–90%), a global specificity of 82% (95% CI = 76%–87%), and accuracy of 82% (95% CI = 77%–86%). By clinical form sensitivity was as follows: Mixed form 100%, ocular 92%, lymphocutaneous 83% and fixed cutaneous 78%. False‐positive results were observed in 11 specimens from people with other mycoses and 26 specimens from AHV. Conclusion and discussion This study presents the results of the evaluation of the first lateral flow assay for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies in human sera. The findings here show evidence that IMMY's Anti‐Sporo LFA is a promising tool for the rapid diagnosis of CTS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A lateral flow assay for the immunodiagnosis of human cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis

Cognialli

Bloss

Weiss

et al. 2022

Mycoses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Sporotrichosis in Children: Case series and Narrative Review

Queiroz‐Telles

Bonifáz

Cognialli

et al. 2022

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

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Purpose of Review Pediatric sporotrichosis has not been sufficiently studied; this review aims to evaluate the risk and prognostic factors related to the development of sporotrichosis associated to this age group. Also, we want to evaluate the causes of the increased number of cases of sporotrichosis in the pediatric population such as environmental changes in endemic areas, the biodiversity, and virulence among the pathogenic clade causing sporotrichosis in different areas of the globe, and especially the progression of the zoonotic transmission of infections caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis infections, associated to zoonotic transmission in Brazil and other endemic sporotrichosis countries. Recent Findings After evaluating a case series of 40 patients, we found that pediatric sporotrichosis in Mexico is mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii which prevails in rural areas and is mainly sapronotically transmitted. In Brazil, the longest and largest pediatric sporotrichosis outbreak is caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis , etiologically related to sick cats, directly from lesions containing a high yeast cell burden. When affecting children S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis may cause distinct clinical manifestations especially in the onset of the disease and affected anatomical site. In Mexico, most of the patients are successfully treated with potassium iodide, whereas in Brazil, all patients respond to itraconazole. Summary Sporothrix schenckii is the major etiologic agent in Mexico, being sapronotically transmitted, while in Brazil, Sporothrix brasiliensis is only transmitted by cats. In Mexico, the disease prevails in male patients (60%) from rural areas; in Brazil, the disease is more frequent in females (60%) from an urban region. Due to the zoonotic sporotrichosis outbreak in Brazil, the time of evolution seems to be shorter in Brazilian patients than in Mexican patients. Most Brazilian patients presented with facial lesions, including ocular involvement, while in Mexico, most of the children presented upper limbs involvement. In Mexico, treatment with potassium iodide in children was observed to induce faster remission than itraconazole, but controlled studies are lacking to evaluate this versus itraconazole, due to the low number of cases. A comparative study should be designed to evaluate the best and safest antifungal therapy for pediatric sporotrichosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12281-022-00429-x.

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