Sporicidal activity of tea tree oil

Messager, S.; Hammer, Katherine A.; Carson, Christine; Riley, Thomas V.

doi:10.1071/hi06112

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…When the major components of the most active oils were tested individually or in combination, the sporicidal activity was much less than any of the complete oils. Our results support earlier work that showed that formulations containing 5-15% tea tree oil were able to reduce the number of viable Bacillus spores [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Activity of Essential Oils Against Bacillus subtilis Spores

Lawrence

Palombo²

2009

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Alternative methods for controlling bacterial endospore contamination are desired in a range of industries and applications. Attention has recently turned to natural products, such as essential oils, which have sporicidal activity. In this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were exposed to 13 essential oils, and surviving spores were enumerated. Cardamom, tea tree, and juniper leaf oils were the most effective, reducing the number of viable spores by 3 logs at concentrations above 1%. Sporicidal activity was enhanced at high temperatures (60 o C) or longer exposure times (up to 1 week). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the components of the active essential oils. However, none of the major oil components exhibited equivalent activity to the whole oils. The fact that oil components, either alone or in combination, did not show the same level of sporicidal activity as the complete oils suggested that minor components may be involved, or that these act synergistically with major components. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine spores after exposure to essential oils and suggested that leakage of spore contents was the likely mode of sporicidal action. Our data have shown that essential oils exert sporicidal activity and may be useful in applications where bacterial spore reduction is desired.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Activity of Essential Oils Against Bacillus subtilis Spores

Lawrence

Palombo²

2009

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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“…A number of clinical studies have already compared the efficacy of TTO and standard decolonization regimens for the eradication of MRSA carriage and demonstrated no significant difference (Caelli et al, 2000;Dryden et al, 2004). Furthermore, a recent study has also shown that hand-cleansing formulations containing 5 % TTO and 10 % alcohol or a solution of 5 % TTO in water are more effective than soft soap in removing bacteria from the surface of the hand in both an in vivo handwashing test and an ex vivo model (Messager et al, 2005). However, prior to the widespread use of TTO for MRSA decolonization, further evidence of efficacy in clinical trials is required, as are investigations to determine whether the organic debris encountered on the skin and nasal mucosa affect the ability of TTO to kill bacteria growing in biofilms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activity of tea-tree oil against clinical skin isolates of meticillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci growing planktonically and as biofilms

Brady

Loughlin

Gilpin

et al. 2006

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus [meticillin-resistant (MRSA) and meticillin-sensitive (MSSA)] and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which respectively form part of the transient and commensal skin flora, to tea-tree oil (TTO) was compared using broth microdilution and quantitative in vitro time-kill test methods. MRSA and MSSA isolates were significantly less susceptible than CoNS isolates, as measured by both MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration. A significant decrease in the mean viable count of all isolates in comparison with the control was seen at each time interval in time-kill assays. However, the only significant difference in the overall mean log 10 reduction in viable count between the groups of isolates was between CoNS and MSSA at 3 h, with CoNS isolates demonstrating a significantly lower mean reduction. To provide a better simulation of in vivo conditions on the skin, where bacteria are reported to grow as microcolonies encased in glycocalyx, the bactericidal activity of TTO against isolates grown as biofilms was also compared. Biofilms formed by MSSA and MRSA isolates were completely eradicated following exposure to 5 % TTO for 1 h. In contrast, of the biofilms formed by the nine CoNS isolates tested, only five were completely killed, although a reduction in viable count was apparent for the other four isolates. These results suggest that TTO exerts a greater bactericidal activity against biofilm-grown MRSA and MSSA isolates than against some biofilm-grown CoNS isolates.

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“…The susceptibility profile of strains to disinfectants is estimated by "bacterial growth (+)" or "non-growth (-)" compared to the two controls: positive fertility control and negative sterility control for each [16]. The plate technique (microdilution) used has the advantage of studying all the strains simultaneously with various disinfectants' dilutions [16,24], in contrast to European standards [33,34]. According to Russel (2003), a biocide was resistant if it does not show an antibacterial effect at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from the hospital environment towards disinfectants commonly used for surfaces and medical devices

Jaouhar

Lalami²,

Bouzid

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal activity of common disinfectants used for surfaces and medical devices. Sodium hypochlorite (D1), disinfectant (D2) composed of N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine, chloride de didecyldimethylammonium, and disinfectant (D3) composed of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride and Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, were tested against 15 strains isolated from the hospital environment and four reference bacteria. The microdilution method was performed to assess antimicrobial activity. The susceptibility was evaluated by comparing the minimum inhibitory dilution with the dilution of disinfectant recommended by the manufacture. D1 and D2 were active against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Gram-positive bacillus, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 3366, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains but not active against Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. D3 was ineffective against Micrococcus spp, Bacillus Gram Positive, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Therefore, D1 and D2 can eliminate most pathogenic bacteria in hospitals, in comparison to D3. It is necessary to monitor the antibacterial activity of disinfectants against reference strains but also against those usually present on surfaces. The obtained results could have promising applications in controlling the emergence of nosocomial infections.

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Sporicidal activity of tea tree oil

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Activity of Essential Oils Against Bacillus subtilis Spores

Activity of Essential Oils Against Bacillus subtilis Spores

In vitro activity of tea-tree oil against clinical skin isolates of meticillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci growing planktonically and as biofilms

Susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from the hospital environment towards disinfectants commonly used for surfaces and medical devices

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