Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap

Abstract

Bacterial Spores are robust and dormant life forms. The enthralling controlling system can maintain the spore dormancy for years yet allow the reappearance into active state within minutes thus provide resistance to the bacterium to heat, freezing, chemicals, radiations and other adverse environments. In spite of being considered as a spoilage and disease cause, Bacterial spores have been emerging as a miracle package. The survivability of bacterial spores under harsh conditions provides various solutions to human needs. Thus bacterial spores are drawing increased interest of the researchers as a solution to get work done under tough conditions. Bacterial spores have been exploited successfully to develop Biological Detection Systems as they can sense environmental changes and respond rapidly. Recently several spore based biosensors have been developed for the detection of different contaminants from different sources. More valued Probiotic Products based on bacterial spores have also been developed as spores can travel through GIT safely due to their resistant to digestive enzymes.Taking advantage of spore survivability, Pest Control Products based on spores are being used for making innovations in pest control. Different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis have been used to protect crops. More recent Bt genes have been expressed in transgenic plants to provide inherent resistance. Bacillus spores also have been exploited for vaccine delivery as a non-invasive and thermostable vaccine delivery system. Bioremediation and Electricity generation is also another applied corner of bacterial spores. This reevaluation highlights the potential of this simpler microbial structure and recent growth in the applied bacterial spore biology.

Bacillus Species as Direct-Fed Microbial Antibiotic Alternatives for Monogastric Production

“…Spore has unusual properties of resilience and can withstand high temperatures, dehydratation, and exposure to solvents and additional toxic chemicals [143]. These special features make the Bacillus spore an attractive vehicle for the delivery of heterologous proteins, enzymes, antigens, and other bioactive molecules to targeted niches, such as the GIT [145]. Besides, the spores of recombinant B. subtilis have been described as a possible bioremediation device for adsorption of ions like nickel [146].…”

Bacterial Spore-Based Hygromorphs: A Novel Active Material with Potential for Architectural Applications

“…Wood-or plantbased hygromorphs are prone to environmental degradation and may not be sufficiently resilient for architectural application, whereas spores have evolved for the purpose of environmental resilience. Composite wood-based laminate materials are also prone to signs of degradation at the interface after repeated deflections [17], and whilst this has not been studied explicitly, degradation has not been noted in any studies of spore:latex composite hygromorphic actuators [7,19].…”

“…B. subtilis spores are classed as biosafety level 139 and GRAS status by the FDA [19] for risk assessment purposes, reflecting their use in food production, industrial applications [30] and presence in most mammalian gastrointestinal systems.…”