Spore loads of Paranosema locustae (Microsporidia) in heavily infected grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) of the Argentine Pampas and Patagonia

Plischuk, Santiago; Bardi, Christian Jorge; Lange, Carlos E.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2013.06.004

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The microsporidium Nosema bombycis mainly infects the fat body, midgut, silk gland, and gonad of the silkworm [7] . Paranosema locustae , an entomopathogen of grasshoppers and locusts that mainly infects the fat body tissue, remains the only microsporidium registered and available for long-term pest control [8] . An octospore microsporidium found in nymphs of Aeshna viridis collected from seasonal rivers [9] exhibited limited infection in the fat body and resulted in the formation of white cysts containing mature octospores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microsporidians can infect a wide variety of animals ranging from invertebrates to vertebrate hosts, including humans and arthropods like insects and crustaceans [6] . Many microsporidia, including Systenostrema alba, Amblyospora connecticus, Paranosema locustae, Brachiola algerae, Nosema bombycis, and Nosema carpocapsae, have been reported in insects, but EHP has not been previously reported in insects according to the best of our knowledge [7][8][9] . Microsporidia have different transmission strategies, including horizontal transmission (the oral transmission of spores through contaminated food and water) and vertical transmission (from parents to offspring) [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Host and transmission route ofEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei(EHP) from dragonfly to shrimp

Dewangan

Pang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a shrimp pathogen that causes huge economic losses. In the present study, the hosts of EHP were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an aquaculture farm located in Maoming, China. EHP was detected in Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, crab, false mussel, and three dragonfly species (Anax parthenope, Pantala flavescens, and Ischnura senegalensis). In the histopathological examination using hematoxylin–eosin staining, EHP spores were found in nymphs and adult dragonflies naturally infected with EHP that were collected from the shrimp farm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed a positive signal for EHP infection in the fat body of dragonfly nymphs. Immature and mature microsporidian spores and late sporogonial plasmodium were observed in the cytoplasm of dragonfly nymphs using transmission electron microscopy. The transmission of EHP from shrimp to dragonfly nymphs was confirmed via cohabitation challenge experiments in which EHP-free dragonfly nymphs were cohabited with EHP-infected shrimp, and the transmission of EHP from dragonfly nymphs to shrimp was demonstrated via the cohabitation of EHP-infected dragonfly nymphs with EHP-free shrimp and oral administration challenge experiments. This study confirms that dragonflies can act as natural EHP hosts, and a novel EHP horizontal transmission route exists between dragonflies and shrimp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Host and transmission route ofEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei(EHP) from dragonfly to shrimp

Dewangan

Pang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Upon thawing, small samples of tissues and organs were examined as wet mounts in one-quarter-strength Ringer's solution (Poinar and Thomas, 1984) under phase contrast microscopy (400×, 1000×) after careful ventral longitudinal dissection of each individual (Lange and Henry, 1996). After examination by dissection each grasshopper was homogenized whole in 5 ml of double distilled water, filtered through cheesecloth, and aliquots of resulting homogenates were further scrutinized under the compound microscope (Plischuk et al, 2013). Intensity of infections was estimated by spore counts per individual using an improved Neubauer haemocytometer (Undeen and Vávra, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare case of Microsporidia co-infection in the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

Lange¹,

Vectores²,

Cigliano³

2019

Protistology

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Two Microsporidia species are known to parasitize Dichroplus elongatus in the Pampas region of Argentina, allochthonous Paranosema locustae, a generalist pathogen of the adipose tissue of grasshoppers with efficient horizontal and vertical transmission routes, and autochthonous Liebermannia dichropluse, a D. elongatus-specific pathogen of the Malpighian tubules with effective transovarial transmission but unknown horizontal transfer. Long-term monitoring of grasshopper communities for detection of microsporidioses revealed that it is not often that these two pathogens co-exist in populations of D. elongatus, even in different individuals. We report the unusual detection for the first time of a co-infection by P. locustae and L. dichroplusae in D. elongatus at a site in the southern Pampas. Given the own traits that characterize both pathogens we presume that the most likely scenario for the occurrence of the observed mixed infection is that the affected D. elongatus individual was already infected by L. dichroplusae when it contracted infection by P. locustae. Unfortunately, our attempts to induce infections with L. dichroplusae in the laboratory through experimental inoculations have not produced positive results, preventing efforts towards testing our presumption through laboratory bioassays. However, Microsporidia natural mixed infections appear to be so rare that we believe this case is worth reporting.

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“…At the 10th day postinfection, RNAi treatment was conducted. Samples of dead locusts were collected immediately and frozen in À80°C, until at the 16th day postinfection, all locusts were obtained for spore load counts with a hemocytometer (Plischuk et al 2013). All statistical t-tests (and nonparametric tests) followed by two-tailed comparison tests were performed using GraphPad Prism version 6.00 for Windows, (Graph-Pad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA).…”

Section: Rnai Of Alocswp2 In Infected Locustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Spore Wall Protein from Antonospora locustae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) Contributes to Sporulation

Chen

Zhao

You

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites, existing in a wide variety of animal hosts. Here, we reported Aloc SWP2, a novel protein identified from the spore wall of Antonospora locustae (formerly, Nosema locustae, and synonym, Paranosema locustae), containing four cysteines that are conserved among the homologues of several Microspodian pathogens in insects and mammals. Aloc SWP2 was detected in the wall of mature spores via indirect immunofluorescence assay. In addition, immunocytochemistry localization experiments showed that the protein was observed in the wall of sporoblasts, sporonts, and meronts during sporulation within the host body, also in the wall of mature spores. AlocSWP2 was not detected in the fat body of infected locust until the 9th day after inoculating spores via RT‐PCR experiments. Furthermore, the survival percentage of infected locusts injected with dsRNA of AlocSWP2 on the 15th, 16th, and 17th days after inoculation with microsporidian were significantly higher than those of infected locusts without dsRNA treatment. Conversely, the amount of spores in locusts infected with A. locustae after treated with RNAi AlocSWP2 was significantly lower than those of infected locusts without RNAi of this gene. This novel spore wall protein from A. locustae may be involved in sporulation, thus contributing to host mortality.

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Spore loads of Paranosema locustae (Microsporidia) in heavily infected grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) of the Argentine Pampas and Patagonia

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Host and transmission route ofEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei(EHP) from dragonfly to shrimp

Host and transmission route ofEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei(EHP) from dragonfly to shrimp

Rare case of Microsporidia co-infection in the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

A Novel Spore Wall Protein from Antonospora locustae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) Contributes to Sporulation

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