Spore Germination and Viability in Pteridophyta: Evolutionary Significance of Chlorophyllous Spores

Lloyd, Robert M.; Klekowski, Edward J.

doi:10.2307/2989770

Cited by 168 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…This shade-loving fern illustrates the way in which a new arrival may have to colonise a relatively novel habitat, in this case tussock-grassland. One notes too that species of Grammitis and Hymenophyllum have colonised the island despite the fact that they belong to families characterised by chlorophyll-bearing spores which have a much shorter life and germinate quicker than non-green spores (Lloyd & Kiekowski 1970).…”

Section: Spore Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The flora of Antipodes Island

Godley¹

1989

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Section: Spore Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The flora of Antipodes Island

Godley¹

1989

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…For many ferns, the whole process is very quick, lasting from some days to several weeks. Many physiological and ecological aspects of ferns germination have been studied (Weinberg, 1969;Lloyd, 1970;Raghavan, 1989;Sheffield, 1996;Gabriel y Galán, 2010).…”

Section: Spore Germination and Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoceria and bulk cerium oxide effects on the germination of asplenium adiantum-nigrum spores

et al. 2016

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Aim of the study: The effect of cerium oxide engineered nanoparticles on the spore germination of the fern Asplenium adiantumnigrum.Area of study: France, Britanny Region, Finistére Department, Plougonvelin, in rocks near the sea. Material and methods: Asplenium spores were cultured in vitro on agar medium with Nano-CeO 2 (less than 25 nm particle size) and bulk-CeO 2 . The addition of each nano-and bulk particles ranged from 0 to 3000 mg L -1 . Observations on rhizoidal and prothallial cells during first stages of gametophyte development were made. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect concentration (NOAEC) and Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concentration (LOEC) values for spore germination rate data were analyzed.Main results: Germination was speeded up by 100 to 2000 mg L -1 nanoceria, while bulk cerium oxide had the same effect for 500 to 2000 mg L -1 concentrations. Present results showed cellular damage in the protonema while rhizoid cells seemed not to be affected, as growth and membrane integrity remained.Research highlights: Both nanosized and bulk cerium oxide are toxic for the fern Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, although diverse toxicity patterns were shown for both materials. Diverse toxic effects have been observed: chloroplast membrane damage and lysis, cell wall and membrane disruption which leads to cell lysis; and alterations in morphology and development.

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“…An imbibed fern spore given the proper inductive stimulus is able to germinate in the absence of exogenous nutrients (10). Histochemical studies have revealed the main storage materials to be fats, lipids, and proteins in the nonchlorophyllous spores of Blechnum spicant and Pteridium aquilinwn (9) and mainly protein in the chlorophyllous spores of Matteuccia struthiopteris (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histochemical studies have revealed the main storage materials to be fats, lipids, and proteins in the nonchlorophyllous spores of Blechnum spicant and Pteridium aquilinwn (9) and mainly protein in the chlorophyllous spores of Matteuccia struthiopteris (8). Fern spores containing chloroplasts do not enter a period of dormancy as in the case of nonchlorophyllous spores, and they are brought to an active state of metabolism immediately upon hydration (10). The storage material utilized during this period prior to induction of germination has not been elucidated thus far.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the total lipid content in Onoclea spores, although not presented in a figure showed that the total lipid content (a) constitutes about 20% on a dry weight basis of the nonimbibed spores (Table I) (8) and Pteridiwn (9,19), and lipid hydrolysis occurs during germination of nonchlorophyllous spores (9,10 Figure 1D indicates that the level of sucrose decreases during dark incubation and that 30 min of far red irradiation accelerates the rate of sucrose lost within 10 hr after irradiation. When the spores were irradiated with 5 min of red light or 15 min of far red light after 8 hr of dark presoaking and the levels of sucrose and starch measured 2, 7, and 14 hr after irradiation, there was (a) an increase in starch accumulation concomitant with the decrease in sucrose content in the dark and (b) an acceleration of starch accumulation 2 hr after either red or far red irradiation coincidental with the accelerated rate of sucrose degradation (Figs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photocontrol of the Germination of Onoclea Spores

Towill

Ikuma²

1975

Plant Physiol.

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The changes in levels of metabolites during photoinduced germination of Onoclea sensibilis L. spores are described.Proteins and lipids, which constitute 25 and 20%, respectively, of the unimbibed spores on a dry weight basis, are hydrolyzed at the time of differentiation and elongation of the germling cells and may be utilized for these processes.Sucrose degradation, starch synthesis, and active respiration occur during dark imbibition, but these processes are accelerated by red or far red irradiation. Endogenous sucrose is the probable source of the carbon skeleton for starch synthesis.An imbibed fern spore given the proper inductive stimulus is able to germinate in the absence of exogenous nutrients (10 (1.1 X 10' ergs cm-2 sec-1; 50% transmittance at 720 nm) and then placed back in the dark for varying periods of time. The spores were then collected and lyophilized as described previously (27). Controls were incubated in the dark throughout the experimental period. Germination was scored by either the acetocarmine procedure or the protrusion method (25). Experiments were repeated at least twice with essentially the same results.The broad band red and far red filters and the dim green safelight were identical to those described previously (25).Extraction Procedure for Soluble Carbohydrates, Proteins, Amino Acids, and ATP. Fifty milligrams oflyophilized spores were extracted by grinding with sand alone and then with 1.5 ml of ice-cold 5% (v/v) perchloric acid for 10 min in a mortar with a pestle, and the brei was centrifuged at 20,000g for 10 min. The pellet was re-extracted with 1 ml of 5 % PCA2 and centrifuged as above. This re-extraction procedure was necessary to extract fully the metabolites. The pellet from the second centrifugation was used for protein determination. The perchlorate was precipitated from the combined supernatants by the addition of sufficient 1 M K2CO4 to raise the pH to 2 to 3. Aliquots of the supernatant were then used for determination of total soluble carbohydrates, amino acids, and ATP. The concentration of the metabolites was calculated on the basis of 1 mg of lyophilized spores.Protein Determination. The PCA-insoluble pellet was solubilized by heating at 75 C for 4 hr with 0

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Spore Germination and Viability in Pteridophyta: Evolutionary Significance of Chlorophyllous Spores

Cited by 168 publications

References 14 publications

The flora of Antipodes Island

The flora of Antipodes Island

Nanoceria and bulk cerium oxide effects on the germination of asplenium adiantum-nigrum spores

Photocontrol of the Germination of Onoclea Spores

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