Sporangial responses do not reflect microbial suppression of Phytophthora drechsleri in composted eucalyptus bark mix

Hardy, G.; Sivasithamparam, Krishnapillai

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(91)90146-b

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…2002). Composts can suppress sporangial production below detectable limits without eradicating P. cinnamomi (Hardy and Sivasithamparam 1991), and suppressed isolates may recover sufficiently to become a threat under more favourable conditions (Hardy and Sivasithamparam 1991; Sidhu et al. 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2003), few have actually addressed pathogen eradication in the compost substrate (Hoitink et al. 1976; Hardy and Sivasithamparam 1991). In studies on bacteria pathogenic to humans, eradication through composting of sewage sludge and municipal solid waste (EPA 1989; Hay 1996) was regarded as successful if pathogen levels were reduced below threshold levels (EPA 1989; Hay 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of Phytophthora ramorum-infected plant material

et al. 2006

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Aims: To determine the effects of heat and composting treatments on the viability of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum grown on both artificial and various natural substrates. Methods and Results: Phytophthora ramorum was grown on V8 agar, inoculated on bay laurel leaves (Umbellularia californica) and on woody tissues of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). Effects on growth, viability and survival were measured as a result of treatment in ovens and compost piles. Direct plating onto PARP medium and pear‐baiting techniques were used to determine post‐treatment viability. No P. ramorum was recovered at the end of the composting process, regardless of the isolation technique used. By using a PCR assay designed to detect the DNA of P. ramorum, we were able to conclude the pathogen was absent from mature compost and not merely suppressed or dormant. Conclusions: Some heat and composting treatments eliminate P. ramorum to lower than detectable levels on all substrates tested. Significance and Impact of the Study: Composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of P. ramorum‐infected plant material. Assaying for pathogen viability in compost requires a direct test capable of differentiating between pathogen suppression and pathogen elimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of Phytophthora ramorum-infected plant material

et al. 2006

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“…Direct germination exists in Phytophthora drechsleri, where sporangia are stimulated by microbial interaction in soil. With indirect germination zoospore infectivity may be suppressed (Hardy and Sivasithamparam 1991). A study on the effect of the biocontrol bacterium Burkholderia cepacia on Pythium aphanidermatum indicated that although antibiosis was the main mechanism involved in suppression there was some contribution of competition for zoospore homing compounds (Heungens and Parke 2000).…”

Section: Infection Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens

Jeger

Pautasso

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Loss of zoospores has happened independently several times in different phylogenic lines and has, it is claimed, no major phylogenetic significance. But whether or not, how, and under which conditions plant pathogens retain the ability to produce motile asexual spores has fundamental importance from an ecological and epidemiological perspective. Recent molecular investigations of the early evolution of fungi and oomycetes are shedding light on the issue of zoospore loss in organisms able to cause plant diseases. Zoospore loss may have accompanied the development of new forms of dispersal adapted to the terrestrial environment, or the simplification processes which often follow the shift to parasitic or biotrophic life-forms. In this review we consider hybridisation events between Phytophthora species, long distance dispersal of oomycetes, sporangia and zoospore survival, direct and indirect infection processes and newly observed sporulating structures. These aspects are all relevant features for an understanding of the epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens. Disease management should not be based on the presumption that the zoosporic stage is a weak link in the life cycle. Oomycete plant pathogens show remarkable flexibility in their life cycles and ability to adapt to changing environmental circumstances.

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“…Ammonia has detrimental effects on many plant pathogenic fungi. Various leachates and extracts from compost were toxic to fungi and TMV (Hoitink, 1980;Kai et al, 1990) and microbial antagonism during composting has been characterized (Chen et al, 1988;Phae et al, 1990;Hardy and Sivasithamparam, 1991;Hoitink et al, 1986Hoitink et al, , 1990Hoitink et al, , 1993.…”

Section: The Fate Of Plant Pathogens In Composting Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Composting: A Potentially Safe Process for Disposal of Genetically Modified Organisms

Singh

Billingsley

Ward

2006

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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The widespread use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may result in the release of GMOs into the environment. The potential risks regarding their use and implementation of disposal methods, especially the possibility of novel genes from GMOs being transferred to natural organisms, need to be evaluated and better understood. There is an increasingly accepted public view that GMO products introduced into the environment should be degradable and should disappear after a limited period of time. Due to the risk of possible horizontal gene transfer, disposal methods for GMOs need to address destruction of both the organism and the genetic material. During the last two decades, we have developed a greater understanding of the biochemical, microbiological and molecular concepts of the composting process, such that maximum decomposition may be achieved in the shortest time with minimal negative impacts to the environment. The conditions created in a properly managed composting process environment may help in destroying GMOs and their genes, thereby reducing the risk of the spread of genetic material. When considering composting as a potential method for the disposal of GMOs, the establishment of controlled conditions providing an essentially homogenous environment appears to be an important requirement. An evaluation of composting as a safe option for disposal of GMOs is provided in this review.

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Sporangial responses do not reflect microbial suppression of Phytophthora drechsleri in composted eucalyptus bark mix

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of Phytophthora ramorum-infected plant material

Composting is an effective treatment option for sanitization of Phytophthora ramorum-infected plant material

Comparative epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens

Composting: A Potentially Safe Process for Disposal of Genetically Modified Organisms

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