Sporadic encephalitis lethargica: a case treated successfully with ECT

Dekleva, Kenneth B.; Husain, Munira

doi:10.1176/jnp.7.2.237

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…37 There have been several literature reports on the excelent response and recovery produced by ECT regardless of etiology. 31,[40][41][42][43] Interestingly, agents that block dopamine-2 (D2) receptors, such as typical antipsychotics, can induce catatonia in some patients 44 whereas the exact opposite seems to happen with atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, with scientific literature suggesting that these may be effective in treating catatonia. Similarly, NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine and phencyclidine, 45 have been associated with the onset of catatonia, but weaker NMDA receptor antagonists, such as amantadine and memantine, have been reported to improve catatonia.…”

Section: Catatonia Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia secondary to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis: a review

Macedo

Marques

2019

CNS Spectr.

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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a relatively recent autoimmune entity, as it was first described in 2007. Given that it is a condition with neuropsychiatric symptoms, its initial symptom is frequently psychiatric in nature. Hence, psychiatrists are often the first physicians to assess these patients and, as so, must recognize this type of encephalitis as a possible cause. Catatonia may be inaugural or develop throughout the course of the disease. Management of patients with anti-NMDAr encephalitis is based on etiologic treatment with immunotherapy and removal of the associated tumor, if any. However, these catatonic patients may have variable responses to etiologic treatment, sometimes with refractory catatonic symptoms, which attests to the necessary urgency to know how to manage these patients. In the clinical setting, physicians appear to be using guidelines originally created to the management of catatonia due to primary psychiatric conditions. In this literature review, catatonia was historically contextualized and anti-NMDAr encephalitis overall described. Finally, catatonia secondary to this type of encephalitis was discussed.

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