Sporadic Animal Rabies in Florida

Scatterday, James E.; Schneider, Nathan J.; Jennings, William L.; Lewis, Arthur L.

doi:10.2307/4590966

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Several authors have previously reported lyssavirus isolation from the brains and salivary glands of apparently healthy, normal-behaving bats taken from the wild (Scatterday, 1954;Burns et al, 1956). Sporadic reports suggest the existence of a 'carrier state' of rabies among asymptomatic free-ranging bats (Pawan, 1936a, b;Sulkin, 1962;Rønsholt et al, 1998;Echevarría et al, 2001;SerraCobo et al, 2002;Wellenberg et al, 2002;Aquilar-Sétien et al, 2005).…”

Section: *Only Histological Examination Was Performed (No Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of North American big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1

Franka

Johnson

Müller

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of insectivorous bats (using the big brown bat as a model) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1a , to assess the dynamics of host immune responses and to evaluate the opportunity for horizontal viral transmission within colonies. Two isolates of EBLV-1a, originating from Slovakia (EBLV-1aSK) and Germany (EBLV-1aGE), were tested. According to EUROBATS, an organization dedicated to the conservation of European bat populations, 45 species of bat are geographically distributed throughout Europe (Eurobats, 2004). So far, EBLV-1 has been found predominantly in specific association with the serotine

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Section: *Only Histological Examination Was Performed (No Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of North American big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1

Franka

Johnson

Müller

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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“…The first descriptions of rabies-virus infection in bats in the United States were published .50 yr ago (Scatterday, 1954;Sulkin and Greve, 1954;Venters et al, 1954). Since that initial recognition, rabiesvirus infection is recognized as enzootic in bats in the United States and Canada, and the virus has been detected in all known species of bats in these countries (Constantine, 1979;Brass, 1994;Streicker et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Rabies Virus in Serum of Seven Species of Insectivorous Bats From Colorado and New Mexico, United States

Bowen

O’Shea

Shankar

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We determined the presence of rabies-virus-neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in serum of 721 insectivorous bats of seven species captured, sampled, and released in Colorado and New Mexico, United States in [2003][2004][2005]. A subsample of 160 bats was tested for rabies-virus RNA in saliva. We sampled little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at two maternity roosts in Larimer County, Colorado; big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at three maternity roosts in Morgan County, Colorado; and big brown bats at five maternity roosts in Larimer County. We also sampled hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) captured while drinking or foraging over water in Bernalillo County, New Mexico and at various locations in Larimer County. Big brown bats, little brown bats, long-legged myotis (Myotis volans), long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis), and fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) were also sampled over water in Larimer County. All species except long-eared myotis included individuals with RVNA, with prevalences ranging from 7% in adult female silver-haired bats to 32% in adult female hoary bats. None of the bats had detectable rabies-virus RNA in oropharyngeal swabs, including 51 bats of 5 species that had RVNA in serum. Antibody-positive bats were present in nine of the 10 maternity colonies sampled. These data suggest that wild bats are commonly exposed to rabies virus and develop a humoral immune response suggesting some degree of viral replication, but many infections fail to progress to clinical disease.

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“…Indigenous bat rabies was first recognized in the USA in 1953 (Scatterday & Galton, 1954), although the exact age of its emergence remains uncertain. During 2001, bats were responsible for 17 % of reported wildlife rabies cases and all three cases of human rabies in the USA (Krebs et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA viruses are characterized by a high mutation rate during replication due to the lack of proofreading and postreplication error correction by RNA polymerases (Domingo & Holland, 1994). This genetic diversity seems to provide an adaptive potential for RV that can vary according to natural history (Morimoto et al, 1998; Kissi et al, 1999).Indigenous bat rabies was first recognized in the USA in 1953 (Scatterday & Galton, 1954), although the exact age of its emergence remains uncertain. During 2001, bats were responsible for 17 % of reported wildlife rabies cases and all three cases of human rabies in the USA (Krebs et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary timescale of rabies virus adaptation to North American bats inferred from the substitution rate of the nucleoprotein gene

Hughes

Orciari

Rupprecht

2005

Journal of General Virology

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Throughout North America, rabies virus (RV) is endemic in bats. Distinct RV variants exist that are closely associated with infection of individual host species, such that there is little or no sustained spillover infection away from the primary host. Using Bayesian methodology, nucleotide substitution rates were estimated from alignments of partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences of nine distinct bat RV variants from North America. Substitution rates ranged from 2?32610 "4 to 1?38610 "3 substitutions per site per year. A maximum-likelihood (ML) molecular clock model was rejected for only two of the nine datasets. In addition, using sequences from bat RV variants across the Americas, the evolutionary rate for the complete N gene was estimated to be 2?32610 "4 . This rate was used to scale trees using Bayesian and ML methods, and the time of the most recent common ancestor for current bat RV variant diversity in the Americas was estimated to be 1660 (range 1267-1782) and 1651 (range 1254-1773), respectively. Our reconstructions suggest that RV variants currently associated with infection of bats from Latin America (Desmodus and Tadarida) share the earliest common ancestor with the progenitor RV. In addition, from the ML tree, times were estimated for the emergence of the three major lineages responsible for bat rabies cases in North America. Adaptation to infection of the colonial bat species analysed (Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis spp.) appears to have occurred much quicker than for the solitary species analysed (Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus subflavus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus), suggesting that the process of virus adaptation may be dependent on host biology. INTRODUCTIONRabies virus (RV) is the type member of the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. RV has a negative-sense RNA genome of~12 kb and consists of five genes encoding the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein, matrix protein, glycoprotein and polymerase (Tordo et al., 1986). The N encapsidates the viral RNA, forming the template for transcription and replication (Tordo & Kouknetzoff, 1993). RNA viruses are characterized by a high mutation rate during replication due to the lack of proofreading and postreplication error correction by RNA polymerases (Domingo & Holland, 1994). This genetic diversity seems to provide an adaptive potential for RV that can vary according to natural history (Morimoto et al., 1998; Kissi et al., 1999).Indigenous bat rabies was first recognized in the USA in 1953 (Scatterday & Galton, 1954), although the exact age of its emergence remains uncertain. During 2001, bats were responsible for 17 % of reported wildlife rabies cases and all three cases of human rabies in the USA (Krebs et al., 2002). In North America, rabid bats have been found for almost every species that has been thoroughly investigated (Constantine, 1979). The genetic diversity of current bat RV variants suggests that up to 30 different lineages of RV may exist in the USA alone (Smith, 2002). A more conservative assessment of RV diversity in th...

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Sporadic Animal Rabies in Florida

Abstract: Isolated cases of rabies in dogs, house cats, foxes, raccoons, and skunks were investigated for clues to the existence of an inapparent reservoir of the disease.

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Susceptibility of North American big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1

Susceptibility of North American big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to infection with European bat lyssavirus type 1

Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Rabies Virus in Serum of Seven Species of Insectivorous Bats From Colorado and New Mexico, United States

Evolutionary timescale of rabies virus adaptation to North American bats inferred from the substitution rate of the nucleoprotein gene

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