Spontaneously Resolved Penile Cyst in a Fetus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ibrahimli, Arturan; Huseynli, Kamran; Galandarova, Aysuna; Samadov, Elgun; Jafarova, Arzu

doi:10.7759/cureus.28110

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…7 Fortunately, penile cystic lesions are not suspected of having malignant potential, allowing observation as a potential management course if the patient is not bothered by the lesion. 8 For those managed surgically, complete excision should be pursued, as there is a risk of recurrence. 3 On our patient's initial presentation he had no discomfort or voiding concerns due to this cystic mass.…”

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our literature review, we could only identify a single case describing a prenatal penile cystic lesion on ultrasound, although this resolved before birth and confirmatory exam. 8 With the increasing utilization and quality of antenatal ultrasound, the detection of similar congenital genital malformations will likely occur with increased frequency. The results of anatomy ultrasound scans of fetal genitalia in the second and third trimesters can assist in guiding the counseling of families and optimize postnatal evaluation and management.…”

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case – Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a giant penile inclusion cyst

Newton¹,

Corbett

Koyle³

et al. 2023

CUAJ

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Newton et al Case: Antenatal US diagnosis of a giant penile inclusion cyst2 © 2023 Canadian Urological Association cystic structure at the distal, dorsal aspect of the foreskin just left of midline (Fig 1c). The foreskin was easily reducible. The meatus was orthotopic, and both testes were normally descended. Ultrasound revealed a mildly complex cystic structure at the tip of the penis with a difficult to visualize distal urethra (Fig 1d).After counseling, the family elected to proceed with observation. By history, the mass continued to enlarge before rupturing spontaneously at one month of age. The parents reported drainage of white fluid from the cyst. At 2 month follow-up, spontaneous rupture was confirmed, and the family elected to proceed with elective circumcision.At nine months of age, cyst excision and phalloplasty were performed. Upon initial dissection, the cyst was pedunculated (Fig 2b). The cyst and stalk were external to the corpora and urethra. Although the cyst was dorsal, the stalk appeared to connect to the urethra ventrally. It was excised and sent for pathologic analysis. A leak test was performed without evidence of communication between the stalk and the urethra. Retraction of the foreskin revealed 90-degree counterclockwise penile torsion. This was fully identified after the penis was degloved due to mass effect from the cystic structure (Fig 2c). On further evaluation, torsion was noted to be due to rotation of the left corporal body posterior to the spongiosum. The dartos fascia was fixed to the corporal bodies at the penoscrotal junction to correct the torsion and penile concealment. Subsequently, the dorsal foreskin was incised to the level of the mucosal collar, and the preputial flaps were rotated ventrally and approximated at the midline to recreate the median raphe. Finally, the skin was anastomosed to the mucosal collar to complete the phalloplasty (Fig 2d).At his six-week postoperative visit, incision sites were healing well with no evidence of recurrence, and he was voiding without issue (Fig 3). Final pathology demonstrated squamous epithelial lining and chronic inflammatory changes consistent with an inclusion cyst. The stalk contained urothelial lining. All specimens were benign (Fig 4). DISCUSSIONPenile cysts are uncommon genitourinary malformations that are often not detected until adolescence or adulthood and are hence acquired rather than congenital. 3 Such cysts are typically located on the ventral midline of the penis. Acquired (or false) cysts include preputial Epstein pearls, trichilemmal cysts, epidermal inclusion cysts, and smegma cysts. 4 Smegma cysts, or 'smegmomas', are the most common penile cystic lesion. They form due to an accumulation of smegma beneath an unretractable foreskin and are often yellow in color. 5 While smegma cysts typically occur secondary to physiologic adhesions present at birth, epidermal inclusions cysts typically form following penile surgeries, including circumcision and hypospadias repair. Epidermal inclusion cysts may also be congenital ...

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Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case – Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a giant penile inclusion cyst

Newton¹,

Corbett

Koyle³

et al. 2023

CUAJ

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“…Indian patients with T2DM often exhibit unique characteristics compared to Western populations, including earlier onset, a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome features, and a more aggressive course of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) complications [3]. The distinct phenotype of the Indian population, characterized by elevated body fat mass despite normal weight or body mass index (BMI), underscores their predisposition to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increased risk of T2DM [4]. Despite having a mean BMI within the obese range, nearly half of non-diabetic Indians exhibit dyslipidemia, with notably higher rates of atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles compared to their counterparts in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite having a mean BMI within the obese range, nearly half of non-diabetic Indians exhibit dyslipidemia, with notably higher rates of atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles compared to their counterparts in the United States. Furthermore, the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) among Indians is considerably higher, necessitating aggressive interventions to mitigate ASCVD risk factors [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronomedicine Insights: Evaluating the Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Lipid Profile Parameters Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in Northern India

Rastogi,

Verma,

Raghuwanshi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Introduction: Time-restricted meal intake (TRM) has shown potential benefits such as enhanced insulin sensitivity, lowered blood sugar levels, and possible weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the impact of TRM on lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in fasting conditions in T2DM patients. Methods: In total, 400 patients from the endocrinology department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow were enrolled in this study, adhering to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Male and female patients with recently diagnosed T2DM (in the past five years), aged between 25 to 60 years, on oral anti-diabetic therapy excluding insulin, expressing willingness to provide written consent and to adhere to TRM were included in the TRM group. It was a longitudinal study as diabetic dyslipidemia is primarily caused by insulin resistance and nutritional reasons and we wanted to assess the effect of TRM on lipid profile in T2DM patients. Patients were enrolled via simple random sampling using the random number table method (computerized). The TRM group had an early dinner at 7 pm whereas the control group was of non-TRM/late-night eaters. TRM group was given comprehensive guidance including strategies to manage hunger, permissible beverage options (water and prescribed medication) during the fasting period, and daily maintenance of a diary documenting their timing, type, and quantity of food intake which they were requested to bring fortnightly. Emphasis was placed on recording even minor dietary items consumed throughout the day. The TRM group consumed food ad libitum during a 12-hour eating window from breakfast at 7 am to dinner at 7 pm. Data distribution was non-parametric. Mann-Whitney U test compared TRM and control group using mean values at baseline and follow-ups. Analysis used GraphPad Prism 9.2.0 software (GraphPad Inc., La Jolla, CA). A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study. The mean value of TC in the TRM and non-TRM groups using the Mann-Whitney U test registered a highly significant p-value <0.0001 at 18 months, with a decrease of 14.17% from baseline in the TRM group and a decrease of 1.53% from baseline in the non-TRM group. The TRM group had a decrease of 24.75% in TG from a baseline value of 145.4±41.9, whereas the non-TRM group showed a decrease of 2.2% from a baseline value of 154.7±37.30 (p-value <0.0001). The TRM group showed an increase of 9.25% in HDL from a baseline value of 50.14±8.58; the non-TRM group showed an increase of 0.82% from a baseline value of 48.62±9.31 (p-value <0.0001). TRM group showed a decrease of 8.62% in LDL from a baseline value of 68.20±16.2 while the non-TRM group showed an increase...

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The Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Glycemic Control and Weight Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study

Rastogi,

Verma,

Raghuwanshi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of time-restricted meal intake (TRM) on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 400 patients diagnosed with T2DM were selected from the Endocrinology Department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and specific criteria. A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the TRM group (consenting to have an early dinner at 7 pm) and the control group (non-TRM/late-night eater group). Baseline data were recorded, and follow-up assessments were conducted at six months, 12 months, and 18 months. Informed consent was obtained, and a diet chart was regularly maintained and updated. Results: The TRM group experienced a significant weight loss of 3.88 kg (5.45%) and a substantial reduction in BMI by 1.5 units (5.26%). In contrast, the non-TRM/control group had smaller reductions in weight (1.36 kg, 1.77%) and BMI (0.5 units, 1.65%). TRM group showed significant reductions in fasting blood sugar levels by 33.9 mg/dl (21.17%), postprandial blood sugar levels by 94.6 mg/dl (38.88%), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by 1.37 (15.87%). These improvements were significantly greater than the reductions observed in the control group, which had decreases of 29.3 mg/dl (17.85%) in fasting blood sugar levels, 41.6 mg/dl (16.84%) in postprandial blood sugar levels, and 0.59 (6.89%) in HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential of TRM as an effective strategy for weight management and glycemic control in patients with T2DM, even in a long-term context. These results support time-restricted eating as a sustainable lifestyle modification for managing chronic metabolic diseases.

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Spontaneously Resolved Penile Cyst in a Fetus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Case – Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a giant penile inclusion cyst

Case – Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a giant penile inclusion cyst

Chronomedicine Insights: Evaluating the Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Lipid Profile Parameters Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in Northern India

The Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Glycemic Control and Weight Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study

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