Spontaneously occurring mother–infant swapping and the relationships of infants with their biological and foster mothers in a captive group of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Nakamichi, Masayuki; Silldorff, April; Bingham, Crystal; Sexton, Peggy

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.11.004

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Penny and her daughter Kebara did not show frequent proximity to each other when Kebara became a young adult female. This might have been caused partly by the fact that Penny did not nurse Kebara during the first 2 years after birth, during which period Alberta nursed Kebara because of Penny 's abandonment of Kebara [Nakamichi et al, ]. Thereafter, Penny nursed Kebara for two more years [Nakamichi, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might have been caused partly by the fact that Penny did not nurse Kebara during the first 2 years after birth, during which period Alberta nursed Kebara because of Penny 's abandonment of Kebara [Nakamichi et al, ]. Thereafter, Penny nursed Kebara for two more years [Nakamichi, ]. That is, it may be necessary for young adult females to have had close relationships with their mothers at least from infancy to early juvenility in order for the mothers and their adult daughters to maintain close relationships with each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table and Figure show the blood relationships among the individuals and their profiles. Further detailed information on these individuals is available elsewhere [Nakamichi and Kato, ; Nakamichi, ; Nakamichi et al, ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Profiles of gorillas at the San Diego Wild Animal Parks Since Penny did not take care of Kebara, Alberta adopted Kebara, and later, Penny adopted Alberta's 10-month-old infant Ndjole (i.e., spontaneous infant swapping). However, after Alberta rejected Kebara at the age of 2 years, Penny readopted Kebara and stopped nursing Ndjole (seeNakamichi et al, 2007 for detailed information).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California, USA

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proximity data were collected in a captive breeding group of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park (currently called the San Diego Zoo Safari Park) twice a year (spring and fall periods) for over 12 years, by using a convenient method in which individuals less than 5 m from each animal in the group were recorded by scan sampling, approximately once per hour. Immature females from infancy to young adulthood maintained relatively frequent proximity to both their mothers and the silverback male and spent little time alone (no animals within 10 m), with relatively large individual differences. On the other hand, immature males decreased the time spent near their mothers and the silverback male and increased the time spent alone with increasing age. Therefore, sex differences in proximity to mothers and the silverback male became apparent after late juvenility. Some adult females maintained increased frequency of proximity to the silverback male than that by other females over the 12-year period, indicating the presence of long-term, stable proximity relationships between the silverback male and the adult females. Such long-term, stable proximity relationships were also observed among adult females. Some association patterns reported in wild gorillas, such as frequent proximity between adult females with dependent offspring and the silverback male and close relationships between related females, were not observed in the present study. The idiosyncratic or individual factors influencing some association patterns were easily reflected in captive situations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California, USA

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When a 2-year-old baboon infant was denied access to its mother's nipple, it clung flat and tightly to her back, in contrast with the species' usual upright, jockey-style riding posture (Trivers 1985). Among captive gorillas, mothers simultaneously carried the biological infant and adopted infant with an age difference of almost 1 year, with one or both infants on the back (Nakamichi et al 2007). When gorillas at a zoo moved from inner rooms to an open enclosure or vice versa, infants even around 3 years of age commonly rode on their mothers' backs (Nakamichi, personal observation).…”

Section: Possible Functional Significance Of Dorsal Carriagementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of dorsal carriage among simians

Nakamichi

Yamada

2009

Primates

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We surveyed the literature and obtained information from primate researchers and zookeepers to study the distribution of dorsal carriage among 77 simian species including New and Old World monkeys and apes in relation to arboreality and terrestriality, birth (litter) weight relative to maternal weight, and presence or absence of distinct natal coat colors. All New World monkeys are arboreal and commonly carry their infants dorsally. Conversely, arboreal Old World monkeys do not use dorsal carriage, and only some predominantly terrestrial Old World monkeys do so. Whereas lesser apes (which are highly arboreal) do not use dorsal carriage, arboreal as well as more terrestrial great apes commonly carry their infants dorsally. These findings indicate that simple arboreality or terrestriality is inadequate to explain dorsal carriage by monkeys. Infants of small- to medium-sized New World monkeys have relatively high birth weight compared with maternal weight, and are most likely to be carried dorsally than ventrally even on the first postnatal day. In contrast, infants of large-bodied New World monkeys are carried ventrally first and then dorsally up to the end of their second year, albeit increasingly infrequently. Among Old World monkeys, no association was found between mode of infant transport and birth weight relative to maternal weight, but some terrestrial Old World monkeys displaying dorsal carriage tend to do so with older infants, indicating that such behavior enables the mother to transport the infant with lower energy expenditure. Among terrestrial Old World monkeys, infants with distinctive natal coat colors are rarely carried dorsally until the natal coat color changes to adult coloration: infants with distinctive coat colors clinging to the backs of carriers could be highly visible and thus vulnerable to predation. Dorsal carriage by mothers may prolong the affiliative mother-infant relationship.

show abstract

Spontaneously occurring mother–infant swapping and the relationships of infants with their biological and foster mothers in a captive group of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California, USA

Twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California, USA

Distribution of dorsal carriage among simians

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About