Spontaneously Formed <i>trans</i>-Anethol/Water/Alcohol Emulsions:  Mechanism of Formation and Stability

Sitnikova, N. L.; Sprik, R.; Wegdam, G.H.; Eiser, Erika

doi:10.1021/la046816l

Cited by 103 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…For example, if the equilibration of mixtures E and F were to follow a straight-line path, the entire equilibration process remains in the homogeneous single-phase region. However, if a serpentine path is followed, a foray into the meta-stable region occurs; such a foray may result in spontaneous emulsification, 15 and the ''Ouzo'' effect, [17][18][19] as explained hereunder.…”

Section: Phase Stability and Diffusion In Non-ideal Liquid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…17 It is consumed with the addition of five volumes of water to one volume of Ouzo. Diffusion of water into the ethanol/trans-anethol phase results in super-saturation of the oil phase, which spontaneously nucleates into tiny droplets.…”

Section: Phase Stability and Diffusion In Non-ideal Liquid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The 1 nm sized droplets scatter light, causing the drink to appear milky white. 17 Vitale and Katz 18 have coined the generic term ''Ouzo effect'' to describe such a process of creating meta-stable liquid-liquid dispersions. Since no input of mechanical energy is involved, this offers an energy-efficient method of producing nanospheres and nanoparticles.…”

Section: Phase Stability and Diffusion In Non-ideal Liquid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uphill diffusion in multicomponent mixtures

2015

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Molecular diffusion is an omnipresent phenomena that is important in a wide variety of contexts in chemical, physical, and biological processes. In the majority of cases, the diffusion process can be adequately described by Fick's law that postulates a linear relationship between the flux of any species and its own concentration gradient. Most commonly, a component diffuses down the concentration gradient. The major objective of this review is to highlight a very wide variety of situations that cause the uphill transport of one constituent in the mixture. Uphill diffusion may occur in multicomponent mixtures in which the diffusion flux of any species is strongly coupled to that of its partner species. Such coupling effects often arise from strong thermodynamic non-idealities. For a quantitative description we need to use chemical potential gradients as driving forces. The transport of ionic species in aqueous solutions is coupled with its partner ions because of the electro-neutrality constraints; such constraints may accelerate or decelerate a specific ion. When uphill diffusion occurs, we observe transient overshoots during equilibration; the equilibration process follows serpentine trajectories in composition space. For mixtures of liquids, alloys, ceramics and glasses the serpentine trajectories could cause entry into meta-stable composition zones; such entry could result in phenomena such as spinodal decomposition, spontaneous emulsification, and the Ouzo effect. For distillation of multicomponent mixtures that form azeotropes, uphill diffusion may allow crossing of distillation boundaries that are normally forbidden. For mixture separations with microporous adsorbents, uphill diffusion can cause supra-equilibrium loadings to be achieved during transient uptake within crystals; this allows the possibility of over-riding adsorption equilibrium for achieving difficult separations. Key learning points(1) Coupling effects in mixture diffusion may cause uphill transport of a component (2) Uphill diffusion results in transient overshoots and serpentine equilibration trajectories (3) Non-ideal phase equilibrium thermodynamics is often the major source of diffusional coupling effects (4) Chemical potential gradients are the proper driving forces for diffusion (5) Uphill transport can be exploited to achieve difficult and unusual separations

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Section: Phase Stability and Diffusion In Non-ideal Liquid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Phase Stability and Diffusion In Non-ideal Liquid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Stability and Diffusion In Non-ideal Liquid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uphill diffusion in multicomponent mixtures

2015

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“…Consequently, when cold water is added to the spirit, the alcohol is progressively diluted and the essential oils are eventually forced out of solution. However, for specific proportions of oils, alcohol, and water, we observe the formation of a stable dispersed system, also known as a microemulsion [3]. The metastable region of the system is defined by the area delimited by the binodal and spinodal curves of the phase diagram [4].…”

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confidence: 89%

Solution to the absinthe challenge

D’Ulivo¹

2014

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…A small amount of emulsion in the lower phase was placed on a 0.1-mm-thick copper disk The formation of the emulsion in the lower phase was attributed to a spontaneous emulsification process related to the "ouzo effect" [34][35][36][37]. to 50 nm that decorated the walls.…”

Section: Freeze Fracture Tem (Ff-tem) Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%