Spontaneous Rupture of Urinary Bladder

Abstract

: Bladder ruptures are a serious injury to the abdomen and pelvis. The development of urinary leaks, peritonitis and septic complications cause a high mortality rate in this pathology. In the vast majority of cases, the cause of bladder rupture is trauma. Much less common are the so-called spontaneous ruptures of the bladder, in which the main cause is weakness of the muscle wall, against which a minimal increase in intravesical pressure leads to rupture of the organ according to a typical hydrodynamic mechanism. The rarity of this pathology, the variety of etiological factors, and the absence of any specific clinical manifestations in most cases lead to delayed diagnosis, which negatively affects the results of treatment. This paper summarizes the literature data and our own clinical experience in treating patients with spontaneous rupture of the bladder. The above analysis of clinical observations will allow practicing urological surgeons to be more attentive and purposeful in collecting anamnesis in patients with a clinical picture of an acute abdomen and, if there is a suspicion of spontaneous rupture of the bladder, to use a set of modern diagnostic capabilities. An accurate and timely diagnosis will allow patients to be operated on earlier, before the clinical manifestations of diffuse peritonitis develop, which will have a positive impact on the results of treatment.