Spontaneous Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Captive Chimpanzees

Chaffee, Beth K.; Beck, Amanda P.; Owston, Michael A.; Kumar, Shyamesh; Baze, Wallace B.; Magden, Elizabeth R.; Dick, Edward J.; Lammey, Michael L; Abee, Christian R.

doi:10.1177/0300985815620654

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Middle age was defined as the latter half of the interval between the start of adulthood and the start of geriatric age [24]. The lower limit of geriatric age was chosen to be 85% of total expected lifespan [24, 25] and to coincide with a prior survey of geriatric reproductive tract lesions in chimpanzees [26]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural mortality and cause of death analysis of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

Laurence

Kumar

Owston

et al. 2017

J of Medical Primatology

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Background We present the spontaneous causes of mortality for 137 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35 year period. Methods A records review of the pathology database was performed and a primary cause of mortality was determined for each chimpanzee. Results The most common causes of mortality were: cardiomyopathy (40% of all mortalities); stillbirth/abortion; acute myocardial necrosis; chimpanzee-induced trauma; amyloidosis; and pneumonia. Five morphologic diagnoses accounted for 61% of mortalities: cardiomyopathy; hemorrhage; acute myocardial necrosis; amyloidosis; and pneumonia. The most common etiologies were degenerative, undetermined, bacterial, traumatic, and neoplastic. The cardiovascular system was most frequently involved, followed by the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and multi-systemic diseases. Conclusions Degenerative diseases were the primary etiological cause of mortality of the adult captive chimpanzee population. Chimpanzee-induced trauma was the major etiological cause of mortality among the perinatal and infant population. This information should be a useful resource for veterinarians and researchers working with chimpanzees.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural mortality and cause of death analysis of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

Laurence

Kumar

Owston

et al. 2017

J of Medical Primatology

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show abstract

“…Middle age was defined as the latter half of the interval between the start of adulthood and the start of geriatric age. The lower limit of geriatric age was chosen to be 85% of total expected lifespan and to coincide with a prior survey of geriatric reproductive tract lesions in chimpanzees …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys of spontaneous pathological lesions of chimpanzees have been rarely reported . Except for a few short surveys of lesions and causes of mortality, an extensive documentation of chimpanzee lesions is lacking. Most of the published studies are in the form of case series that include pathology findings related to body systems (central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and integumentary), etiologies (parasitic, degenerative, and neoplastic), and individual case reports .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, captive chimpanzees were classified as an endangered species, and thus, their use in research has essentially ceased . Additionally, due to the NIH moratorium on chimpanzee breeding since 1995, the captive population is getting older, and at times, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish pathological lesions from normal aging‐associated changes . As the captive population ages, an in‐depth knowledge of the natural pathology of this species is required so that veterinarians can continue to provide high quality medical care to these animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural pathology of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

Kumar

Laurence

Owston

et al. 2017

J of Medical Primatology

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Background We present the spontaneous pathological lesions identified as a result of necropsy or biopsy for 245 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35-year period. Methods A review of the pathology database was performed for all diagnoses on chimpanzees from 1980 to 2014. All morphologic diagnoses, associated system, organ, etiology, and demographic information were reviewed and analyzed. Results Cardiomyopathy was the most frequent lesion observed followed by hemosiderosis, hyperplasia, nematodiasis, edema, and hemorrhage. The most frequently affected systems were the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, and lymphatic/hematopoietic systems. The most common etiology was undetermined, followed by degenerative, physiologic, neoplastic, parasitic, and bacterial. Conclusions Perinatal and infant animals were mostly affected by physiologic etiologies and chimpanzee-induced trauma. Bacterial and physiologic etiologies were more common in juvenile animals. Degenerative and physiologic (and neoplastic in geriatric animals) etiologies predominated in adult, middle aged, and geriatric chimpanzees.

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Reproductive one health in primates

Moresco¹,

Feltrer‐Rambaud²,

Wolfman

et al. 2021

American J Primatol

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One Health is a collaborative trans‐disciplinary approach to health; integrating human, animal, and environmental health. The focus is often on infection disease transmission and disease risk mitigation. However, One Health also includes the multidisciplinary and comparative approach to disease investigation and health of humans, animals, and the environment. One key aspect of environmental/ecosystem health is conservation, the maintenance of healthy, actively reproducing wildlife populations. Reproduction and reproductive health are an integral part of the One Health approach: the comparative aspects of reproduction can inform conservation policies or breeding strategies (in situ and ex situ) in addition to physiology and disease. Differences in reproductive strategies affect the impact poaching and habitat disruption might have on a given population, as well as ex situ breeding programs and the management of zoo and sanctuary populations. Much is known about chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets as these are common animal models, but there is much that remains unknown regarding reproduction in many other primates. Examining the similarities and differences between and within taxonomic groups allows reasonable extrapolation for decision‐making when there are knowledge gaps. For example: (1) knowing that a species has very low reproductive rates adds urgency to conservation policy for that region or species; (2) identifying species with short or absent lactation anestrus allows ex situ institutions to better plan contraception options for specific individuals or prepare for the immediate next pregnancy; (3) recognizing that progestin contraceptives are effective contraceptives, but may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia in some species (in Lemuridae but not great apes) better guides empirical contraceptive choice; (4) recognizing the variable endometriosis prevalence across taxa improves preventive medicine programs. A summary of anatomical variation, endocrinology, contraception, pathology, and diagnostics is provided to illustrate these features and aid in routine physical and postmortem examinations as well as primate management.

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Spontaneous Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Captive Chimpanzees

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Natural mortality and cause of death analysis of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

Natural mortality and cause of death analysis of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

Natural pathology of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

Reproductive one health in primates

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