Spontaneous renal arteriovenous fistula as a cause of haematurea

Giant idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula managed by coils and amplatzer device: Case report and literature review

“…Idiopathic renal AV fistula is more common in the right kidney and females are affected twice as compared to males, similar to present case[6]. Given the absence of predisposing factor, congenital and idiopathic fistulas have been classified together as spontaneous AV fistula[7,8]. The congenital AV fistulas however usually present with hematuria and often shows multiple tortuous varix-like vessels on angiogram.…”

Benign lateralizing haematuria: the impact of upper tract endoscopy

“…However, there are a few patients with unilateral supravesical bleeding in whom these initial investigations are normal. While common conditions, including RCC, TCC of the renal pelvis or ureter, and renal or ureteric calculus may still be the cause of bleeding, less common conditions must be considered (Table 1) [1–27]. Second‐line urine, serum and radiological investigations (selective upper tract urine culture, urine microscopy for dysmorphic red cells, haemoglobin electrophoresis, clotting studies, percutaneous renal biopsy, renal angiography and venography, CT or MRI) are therefore often undertaken.…”

Hypertension Caused by Renal Arteriovenous Fistula

“…There were some reports of spontaneous regression 12-14). However, the possible mechanism remains unknown.…”