Spontaneous release of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after oophorectomy

Abstract

1. We studied the changes in interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 premenopausal women after oophorectomy and seven premenopausal women who had undergone simple hysterectomy. 2. The results showed that 1 month after surgery interleukin-1 secretion increased by 414 +/- 171% (mean +/- SEM) and interleukin-6 secretion increased by 1354 +/- 481% in oophorectomized women, whereas only non-significant fluctuations in the secretion of both cytokines (-9% +/- 29% for interleukin-1 and -31% +/- 19% for interleukin-6) were seen in the women who had undergone simple hysterectomy. The difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.035 for interleukin-1 and P = 0.003 for interleukin-6). In addition, oophorectomy, but not simple hysterectomy, was followed by significant increases in plasma ionized calcium concentration (P < 0.05), plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01) and plasma osteocalcin concentration (P < 0.02), and a reduction in plasma parathyroid hormone level (P < 0.01). 3. We conclude that ovary ablation may modify cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. If this phenomenon occurs in the bone microenvironment, it could be important in the loss of bone observed after oophorectomy. However, the possibility of an independent alteration induced by the lack of gonadal hormones but unrelated to bone turnover cannot be excluded.

Ovariectomy enhances and estrogen replacement inhibits the activity of bone marrow factors that stimulate prostaglandin production in cultured mouse calvariae.

“…In this study we found that MSups from OVX, SHAM, and OVX+E mice stimulated PG production in calvarial cultures (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). IL-1, a proinflammatory cytokine, is principally produced by activated macrophages (43) but can also be synthesized by bone cells and adjacent hematopoietic cells (43,44).…”

“…IL-i has been shown to increase PGHS protein and mRNA and to activate PLA2 in other cell types (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52). A role for IL-1 in postmenopausal bone loss is supported by studies showing that both natural and surgical menopause are associated with increased production of IL-1 bioactivity in cultured monocytes and that this effect is reversed by estrogen replacement (19)(20)(21)(22). Recently, in vivo administration of IL-ira was found to inhibit bone loss in ovariectomized rats (53).…”

“…Several cytokines produced by marrow cells, such as IL-la, WL-1,6, IL-6, IL-11, and TNFa, have been implicated in the osteoporosis of estrogen deficiency (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). It is possible that the production and/or the activity of bone marrow cytokines may influence the bone loss of estrogen deficiency through effects on PG production.…”

Immunoresponsiveness in Endometriosis: Implications of Estrogenic Toxicants

“…In addition, these factors may be under the controlling influence of steroid hormones (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) (18), thymic lymphocytes (18,19), and lymphoid cells present in human endometrium (20). Studies indicate that either in vitro or in vivo exposure to this steroid or pituitary peptides affects cytokine secretion and gene expression by leukocytes and endometrial cells (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). For example, peripheral blood leukocytes spontaneously release significantly increased levels of IL-1 and IL-6 after oophorectomy as compared to women who had undergone hysterectomy without removal of ovaries (16).…”

“…Studies indicate that either in vitro or in vivo exposure to this steroid or pituitary peptides affects cytokine secretion and gene expression by leukocytes and endometrial cells (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). For example, peripheral blood leukocytes spontaneously release significantly increased levels of IL-1 and IL-6 after oophorectomy as compared to women who had undergone hysterectomy without removal of ovaries (16). Moreover, ovarian ablation was accompanied by alterations in serum levels of plasma proteins associated with bone loss.…”