“…They also noted disc hyperfluorescence in the absence of obvious neovascularization of the disc, disc edema, or ischemic optic neuropathy. [ 65 66 ] Figure 3 Bar graph showing the distribution of FFA findings. AV: arteriovenous, ONH: optic nerve head, CME: cystoid macular edema, BRAO: branch retinal artery occlusion, MA: microaneurysms, CNP: capillary nonperfusion Delayed arm-to-retina time is the most frequent finding accompanying the TR, while delayed AV transit time and formation of AV anastomosis represent the severe stages of TR.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Courtesy: Zeng Y et al . [ 66 ]) Analysis showed that out of 372 eyes in whom FFA was done, leaking MA was the most frequent finding (n = 112, 30%), followed by delayed arm-to-retina time (n = 84, 23%). The mean arm-to-retina time was 30.1 seconds (range: 15–111 seconds), and the AV transit time was 27 seconds (range: 5–60 seconds).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They also noted disc hyperfluorescence in the absence of obvious neovascularization of the disc, disc edema, or ischemic optic neuropathy. [ 65 66 ]…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Absent ophthalmodynamometry and collapse of the retinal vasculature on slight digital pressure reflect low perfusion in the central retinal artery. [ 14 66 ] Sagar S et al recorded decreased central retinal artery pressure in spite of systemic hypertension in eyes with TR. [ 35 ] Retinal arterial pressure using ophthalmodynamometry range from 11 1 /2–30 systolic to 11 1 /2–36 diastolic, as noted in various cases.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reduction in the arm-to-retina time and AV transit time after bypass procedures have been reported. [ 5 66 77 ] Tour RL et al reported a significant increase in ophthalmodynamometry readings after endarterectomy. [ 86 ] Milea D et al reported an increase in PSV of the carotid and ophthalmic arteries after a successful bypass.…”
Ocular symptoms can be the presenting manifestation of Takayasu arteritis (TA) or could be indicative of disease reactivation. A review of published literature related to posterior segment manifestations of TA by using the keywords “Takayasu arteritis,” “ophthalmic manifestations,” “retina,” “retinopathy,” “ocular,” “optic nerve,” and “optic neuropathy” was performed. In total, 62 case reports and 12 case series were included. The majority of the articles were from Asia (n = 47, 64%). Females outnumbered males in the ratio of 7:1. The mean age of patients was 33 years (range: 8–78 years, SD: 13.5 years). In 58% (n = 41 out of 71) cases, ocular symptoms were the presenting manifestation of the underlying disease. Hypotensive retinopathy was found in 70% of eyes, and hypertensive retinopathy was found in 27%. The mean presenting visual acuity (VA) was +1.03 logMAR (range: −0.12 to 3, SD: 1.07), and at the final follow-up was +1.02 logMAR (range: −0.12 to 3, SD 1.17). VA improved in 34% (n = 29/86), remained stable in 45% (39/86), and worsened in 21% (18/86). The mean follow-up was 9 months (range: 0.5–204, SD: 16 months).
“…They also noted disc hyperfluorescence in the absence of obvious neovascularization of the disc, disc edema, or ischemic optic neuropathy. [ 65 66 ] Figure 3 Bar graph showing the distribution of FFA findings. AV: arteriovenous, ONH: optic nerve head, CME: cystoid macular edema, BRAO: branch retinal artery occlusion, MA: microaneurysms, CNP: capillary nonperfusion Delayed arm-to-retina time is the most frequent finding accompanying the TR, while delayed AV transit time and formation of AV anastomosis represent the severe stages of TR.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Courtesy: Zeng Y et al . [ 66 ]) Analysis showed that out of 372 eyes in whom FFA was done, leaking MA was the most frequent finding (n = 112, 30%), followed by delayed arm-to-retina time (n = 84, 23%). The mean arm-to-retina time was 30.1 seconds (range: 15–111 seconds), and the AV transit time was 27 seconds (range: 5–60 seconds).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They also noted disc hyperfluorescence in the absence of obvious neovascularization of the disc, disc edema, or ischemic optic neuropathy. [ 65 66 ]…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Absent ophthalmodynamometry and collapse of the retinal vasculature on slight digital pressure reflect low perfusion in the central retinal artery. [ 14 66 ] Sagar S et al recorded decreased central retinal artery pressure in spite of systemic hypertension in eyes with TR. [ 35 ] Retinal arterial pressure using ophthalmodynamometry range from 11 1 /2–30 systolic to 11 1 /2–36 diastolic, as noted in various cases.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reduction in the arm-to-retina time and AV transit time after bypass procedures have been reported. [ 5 66 77 ] Tour RL et al reported a significant increase in ophthalmodynamometry readings after endarterectomy. [ 86 ] Milea D et al reported an increase in PSV of the carotid and ophthalmic arteries after a successful bypass.…”
Ocular symptoms can be the presenting manifestation of Takayasu arteritis (TA) or could be indicative of disease reactivation. A review of published literature related to posterior segment manifestations of TA by using the keywords “Takayasu arteritis,” “ophthalmic manifestations,” “retina,” “retinopathy,” “ocular,” “optic nerve,” and “optic neuropathy” was performed. In total, 62 case reports and 12 case series were included. The majority of the articles were from Asia (n = 47, 64%). Females outnumbered males in the ratio of 7:1. The mean age of patients was 33 years (range: 8–78 years, SD: 13.5 years). In 58% (n = 41 out of 71) cases, ocular symptoms were the presenting manifestation of the underlying disease. Hypotensive retinopathy was found in 70% of eyes, and hypertensive retinopathy was found in 27%. The mean presenting visual acuity (VA) was +1.03 logMAR (range: −0.12 to 3, SD: 1.07), and at the final follow-up was +1.02 logMAR (range: −0.12 to 3, SD 1.17). VA improved in 34% (n = 29/86), remained stable in 45% (39/86), and worsened in 21% (18/86). The mean follow-up was 9 months (range: 0.5–204, SD: 16 months).
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