Spontaneous Reduction of Metal Ions on the Sidewalls of Carbon Nanotubes

Choi, Hee Cheul; Shim, Moonsub; Bangsaruntip, Sarunya; Dai, Hongjie

doi:10.1021/ja026824t

Cited by 697 publications

(579 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Methods for creating and dispersing metal clusters are also well known, and coating of nanotubes with clusters has already been achieved by electron beam evaporation, 15 chemical attachment of preformed clusters, 16 and precipitation from metal salt solution. 17 However, to maximize the effect of the adsorbates on the cluster and on the nanotube-cluster interactions, the clusters should be relatively small. Figure 1 illustrates the concept of the nanotube/cluster sensor, where Al clusters and small molecules have been chosen as a paradigmatic example.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube−Metal Cluster Composites: A New Road to Chemical Sensors?

et al. 2005

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Novel carbon nanotube−metal cluster structures are proposed as prototype systems for molecular recognition at the nanoscale. Ab initio calculations show that already the bare nanotube cluster system displays some specificity because the adsorption of ammonia on a carbon nanotube−Al cluster system is easily detected electrically, while diborane adsorption does not provide an electrical signature. Since there are well-established procedures for attaching molecular receptors to metal clusters, these results provide a "proof-of-principle" for the development of novel, high-specificity molecular sensors.Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most exciting nanomaterials, combining a range of extraordinary physical properties, such as extremely small size and high aspect ratio, high stiffness and excellent flexibility under different mechanical stimuli, high structural and chemical stability, and a rich spectrum of electrical properties. Many potential applications have been proposed: superstrong composites, energy storage and energy conversion devices, field emission displays, mechanical, chemical and biological probes and sensors, radiation sources, nanoelectronic devices, and more. 1 In this letter we concentrate on the possibility of using carbon nanotubes as chemical sensors and probes. Pioneering experiments from Dai's group 2,3 have shown that at room temperature the resistance of an individual single wall carbon nanotube is very responsive to the adsorption of molecules, such as NO 2 and NH 3 . These measurements demonstrate the excellent sensing capabilities of CNTs, in particular their fast response time, high selectivity, and reversibility. It has also been shown that CNT-based single-molecule biosensors 4-6 can compete with other nanowire nanosensors 7 in detecting biological and chemical molecules. If appropriately functionalized, carbon nanotubes even have the ability to recognize proteins and DNA. [8][9][10] Moreover, their intrinsic strength and resilience makes them ideally suited for ultrasmall sensors capable of exploring complicated geometries at the nanoscale. 5,6 Real-world applications, such as CNTbased resonant-circuit wireless ammonia sensors, have been developed by different groups. 11,12 Due to their strong sp 2 bonding and near perfect hexagonal network, carbon nanotubes are chemically stable and do not form strong chemical bonds with most molecules. However, since experiments have shown that the properties of a CNT can change when it is immersed in a specific chemical or biological environment, there has been a substantial effort toward the development of techniques to enhance the sensing capability of CNTs. The most common route to improvement in reactivity and sensitivity is through functionalization of CNT sidewalls with specific bio/chemical molecules. [4][5][6]8 In fact, chemical functionalization can both ensure better chemical bonding between the nanotube and a specific chemical species as well as improve the selectivity of the adsorptio...

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confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube−Metal Cluster Composites: A New Road to Chemical Sensors?

et al. 2005

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“…35,36 The redox switching of the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and Fe(CN)6 3-/4-couples appeared at +0.77 and +0.36 V (vs. SHE), 34 respectively. Therefore, only the ferric ions in solution were reduced by MWCNT, assuming that the redox potential of MWCNT was similar to that for single-walled carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Deposition Of Prussian Blue (Pb) On Mwcnt Surfacementioning

confidence: 98%

Layer-by-layer Assembly of Prussian Blue and Carbon Nanotube Composites with Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) for the Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

Yao

Shiu

2010

ANAL. SCI.

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Recently, there have been several reports integrating PB and CNT for hydrogen peroxide detection. [24][25][26] In this report, a simple procedure for the deposition of PB on the sidewalls of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is explained. The resulting MWCNT-PB composite was used as a building block for the fabrication of multilayer structures on glassy carbon electrodes by the layer-by-layer technique. [27][28][29][30][31] Multilayer assemblies of MWCNT-PB composites were obtained by alternative dipping the electrode in separate solutions containing positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and negatively charged MWCNT-PB composites. The multi-layered film showed sensitive detection for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The amount of MWCNT-PB deposits can be easily controlled, and the resulting material affects the sensitivity of the detection. This approach can be applied for the construction of high-performance biosensors and biofuel cells. Experimental Chemicals and reagentsMulti-walled carbon nanotubes were purchased from Nanoport Co. Ltd. (Shenzhen, China), and were treated in a 1:3 (v:v) mixture of concentrated HNO3-H2SO4 at 50 C for 24 h. The CNT materials were then thoroughly washed with doubly distilled water. The functionalized MWCNT materials were obtained by drying in vacuum at 70 C overnight. PDDA with a molecular weight range of 200000 -350000 was purchased 2010 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry † To whom correspondence should be addressed. Prussian blue (PB) was deposited on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in an aqueous solution. Multi-layer composites of the MWCNT-PB hybride material were obtained by layer-by-layer assembly with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The resulting {PDDA/MWCNT-PB}n multilayer films immoblized on glassy carbon electrodes showed sensitive detection for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A sensor based on the {PDDA/MWCNT-PB}n multilayer structure was fabricated and showed excellent sensitivity to the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Its response sensitivity increased with the number of the multilayers. A high response sensitivity of 0.83 mA M -1 cm -2 was obtained for a seven-layer sensor. This redox active multilayer structure offers potential applications in the development of high performance biosensors and biofuel cells.

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“…25 Nanotubides and graphenides can significantly increase the yield of this metal deposition due to the higher reducing potential of the carbon. 26,27 In principle, the use of metal salts should proceed by simple redox chemistry, avoiding electrophilic addition and radical reactive pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the charging mechanisms of carbon nanomaterial polyelectrolytes

et al. 2014

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Chemical charging of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphenes to generate soluble salts shows great promise as a processing route for electronic applications, but raises fundamental questions. The reduction potentials of highly-charged nanocarbon polyelectrolyte ions were investigated by considering their chemical reactivity towards metal salts/complexes in forming metal nanoparticles. The redox activity, degree of functionalisation and charge utilisation were quantified via the relative metal nanoparticle content, established using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscop y (ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fundamental relati onship between the intrinsic nanocarbon electronic density of states and Coulombic effects during charging is highlighted as an important area for future research.

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Spontaneous Reduction of Metal Ions on the Sidewalls of Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 697 publications

References 27 publications

Carbon Nanotube−Metal Cluster Composites: A New Road to Chemical Sensors?

Carbon Nanotube−Metal Cluster Composites: A New Road to Chemical Sensors?

Layer-by-layer Assembly of Prussian Blue and Carbon Nanotube Composites with Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) for the Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

Probing the charging mechanisms of carbon nanomaterial polyelectrolytes

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