Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum

Fugo, Jonathan R.; Reade, Clifton C.; Kypson, Alan P.

doi:10.1016/j.cursur.2006.06.014

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Pneumomediastinum is a benign condition that is occasionally associated with subcutaneous emphysema and occasionally with pneumothorax, but is rarely associated with pneumorrhachis (PR). 1 Pneumorrhachis, "air within the spinal epidural space", occurs in a variety of settings, including skull and spinal fractures, epidural abscess, epidural anesthesia, lumbar puncture, and traumatic pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Although it is rare, there have been documented cases in the literature in which bronchial asthma also contributed to the development of PR.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis and subcutaneous emphysema associated with viral infections: Report of three cases

Emiralioğlu

Özcan

Oğuz

et al. 2015

Pediatrics International

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Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually secondary to alveolar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium, associated with subcutaneous emphysema and occasionally with pneumothorax, but is rarely associated with pneumorrhachis. The leaked air into the pulmonary perivascular interstitium follows the path of least resistance from the mediastinum to the fascial planes of the neck. Air freely communicates via the neural foramina and collects in the epidural space. Pneumorrhachis is defined as the presence of air in the spinal canal, either in the intradural and/or extradural spaces. It is a very rare clinical entity and mostly asymptomatic, hence most probably underdiagnosed. Many pathological and physiological events can lead to alveolar rupture, and these clinical findings can be related to various, mainly traumatic and iatrogenic etiologies. Herein we report three cases of pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, interstitial emphysema and pneumorrhachis in two cases, which were related to rhinovirus, human bocavirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection.

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Pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis and subcutaneous emphysema associated with viral infections: Report of three cases

Emiralioğlu

Özcan

Oğuz

et al. 2015

Pediatrics International

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“…Spontaneous PM is often benign and idiopathic while secondary PM results from intrathoracic infections, traumatic esophageal rupture, or tears along the tracheobronchial tree [ 4 ]. Clinical symptoms of PM include dyspnea, odynophagia, pleurisy, retrosternal chest pain, facial and neck pain, dysphagia (which can be secondary to pressurized air from alveolar rupture tracking between tissue planes), or a low-grade fever (possibly secondary to cytokine release) [ 5 , 6 ]. SE is also a common finding and is characterized by the presence of crepitus on palpation along the skin.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Spontaneous Pneumopericardium, Pneumomediastinum, and Subcutaneous Emphysema: A Case Report of an Incidental Rare Presentation

Alsamman¹,

Dunn²,

Busse³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Pneumopericardium (PP), pneumomediastinum (PM), epidural pneumatosis, and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) are identified by the existence of free air or gas in the associated spaces. They are normally self-limited unless tension pneumothorax, tension PM, cardiac herniation, air tamponade, and esophageal rupture accompany these disorders. PM and PP can be divided into “spontaneous” or “secondary” based on the preceding etiologies. Spontaneous PM is often extremely rare and benign in course. On the other hand, secondary PM and PP are more common and result from intrathoracic infections, trauma-related esophageal rupture, or tears along the tracheobronchial tree. Our patient presented four days after a fall from a chair and was found to have suffered a stroke, with complete left side paralysis. CT imaging on arrival was significant for PM, PP, and SE, the cause of which remains unclear. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-pneumonia approximately six months prior to presentation. As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved, several scientific papers have been published reporting infected patients who had developed spontaneous PT, PM, or even PP, in the absence of invasive mechanical ventilation. Is it possible that the spontaneous findings in our patient were COVID-related? Or could the spontaneous PP, PM, and SE be a sequel to the trauma of her fall from a chair? The answer still remains unclear.

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“…Treatment is generally supportive and includes oxygen therapy, reassurance, analgesics, and close monitoring for complications (eg, pneumothorax). Surgical intervention is only necessary if a pneumothorax develops 6. Prognosis is excellent.…”

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confidence: 99%