Spontaneous Occurrence of Structural Heterozygosity in ‘Buckwheat’ (<i>Fagopyrum acutatum</i>) from the Parvati Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

Male meiotic studies carried out on the plants of Fagopyrum acutatum (Polygonaceae) collected from the Parvati valley, Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India confirms the earlier chromosome reports of 2n=16 from outside of India. The presently recorded chromosome count of n=8 in pollen mother cells (PMCs) is the first ever report of a diploid cytotype for the species from India. The presently studied diploid individuals from the Parvati valley showed the presence of structural heterozygosity for reciprocal translocations. Analysis reveals that multiple associations of four to six chromosomes were noticed in 39-40% meiocytes. A few PMCs in the accession also depicted the presence of two to six univalent chromosomes which could be attributed to the hybrid nature of the taxon or due to synaptic irregularities in chromosomal pairing during meiosis. Consequent to multiple chromosomal associations and univalent chromosomes, the studied plants depicted some pollen sterility.

A Case of Structural Heterozygosity Affecting Chiasma Frequency and Pollen Fertility in Natural Populations of <i>Artemisia roxburghiana</i>

“…Since the first report of such structural changes recorded by Gates (1908) in Oenothera rubinerves, these have been reported in a number of flowering plants. During the last decade or so, the structural heterozygosity for reciprocal translocation has been reported in the wild taxa of many flowering plants from our laboratory (Gupta et al 2010, 2018a, b, Malik et al 2010, Saggoo and Farooq 2011, Rana et al 2012, Kumar and Singhal 2013, Singhal et al 2014, 2016, Kumar et al 2015, Singhal and Kumari 2017, Kumari and Singhal 2018.…”

History and New Developments on the 90th Anniversary of Cytologia: On the Occasion of the Publication of “Dawn of Modern Wheat Genetics”

“…Several reports on Poaceae have been published in Cytologia over the past 2 years (Gupta, et al 2018, Khah and Verma 2017, Rani et al 2017, Kaur and Gupta 2018, Özer et al 2018, Shiogai et al 2018. A useful review on the wheat genome was published by Tsunewaki in 2018, and the expression profiles of two long noncoding RNAs in salt-stressed barley roots were detailed by Karlik et al (2018) in the same year.…”

“…Cereal grain crops are grown in greater quantities and provide more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop and are, therefore, staple crops. Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat (Polygonaceae) (Gupta et al 2018), quinoa (Amaranthaceae), chia (Lamiaceae), and sesame (Pedaliaceae) (Das et al 2018) are referred to as pseudocereals. In addition to these plants, a large number of papers on legumes have been published in Cytologia, indicating the diversity of food available in India (Ghosh et al 2017, Chaudhary and Kumar 2017, Gosavi et al 2017, Kumar and Singh 2018, Egypt (Siddiqui et al 2018), and Mexico (Tapia-Pastrana et al 2018).…”