“…It has been shown that, for example, cytomixis in the rape anthers is observable only in 0.06 % of the microsporocytes (De Souza and Pagliarini 1997) versus up to 96 % in the almond (Soodan and Wafai 1987). It has been also demonstrated that the number of cells involved in cytomixis varies in a wide range not only between individual plants of the same species, but also between different flowers of the same plant (Soodan and Wafai 1987;Peng et al 2003). As a rule, the rate of cytomixis increases in response to stress factors acting on a plant, such as mutagens, increased temperatures, changes in the ploidy level, hybridization, and so on (Saraswathy Amma et al 1990;Ghaffari 2006;Sidorchuk et al 2007a;Kravets 2011).…”