Spontaneous object recognition in capuchin monkeys: assessing the effects of sex, familiarization phase and retention delay

Aquino, Jéssica; Moreira, Matheus A; Evangelista, Nathália C L; Maior, Rafael S.; Barros, Marília

doi:10.1007/s10071-022-01697-3

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The ORT is a widely used behavioral assay in animal research that measures an animal's capacity to recognize a previously encountered object (Winters et al, 2008). This test can be used to identify potential cognitive decline in animals and evaluates several cognitive processes, such as short‐term and long‐term memory, attention, and learning, in different animal species, including nonhuman primates (Aquino et al, 2023; Winters et al, 2008). This test can potentially identify cognitive decline in marmosets which could influence sAA reactivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since cognitive decline can be linked to low SNS reactivity in humans (Knight et al, 2020), we opted to use the object recognition test (ORT) to assess cognitive function. The ORT involves several neurobiological mechanisms of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval and has been used in nonhuman primates (Aquino et al, 2023; Winters et al, 2008). We hypothesize that older marmosets will show both impaired cognitive function and lower SNS reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary alpha‐amylase stress reactivity in advanced‐aged marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Impacts of cognitive function and oral health status

Sarmet,

Takehara,

de Campos

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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Salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) is an enzyme found in saliva and is considered a noninvasive biomarker for sympathetic nervous system activity. While a wide range of sAA activity in response to stress has been reported in nonhuman primates, the effects of stress on sAA activity in common marmosets are still unknown. We tested the hypothesis that advanced age and cognitive function may have an impact on stress‐related sAA reactivity in marmosets. Thirteen marmosets (nine males and five females) had saliva samples collected during a stressful condition (manual restraint stress) at two different time points, with a 60‐min interval. On the next day, the animals underwent the object recognition test (ORT, a type of cognitive test), and then oral examinations. The animals were categorized into two age groups: old (10–13 years), and very old (15–22 years). Irrespective of age, sAA levels showed a significant difference between T1 (mean 2.07 ± 0.86 U/mL) and T2 samples (mean 1.03 ± 0.67 U/mL), with higher values observed at T1 (p < 0.001). The intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CV) for low and high sAA concentrations were 10.79% and 8.17%, respectively, while the interassay CVs for low and high sAA concentrations were 6.39% and 4.38%, respectively. Oral health issues were common but did not significantly impact sAA levels. The ORT indicated that the animals could recognize an object placed in the cage 6 h after familiarization. In conclusion, all marmosets showed a higher sAA concentration in the first saliva sample as compared to the second saliva sample collected 1 h later, indicating adaptation to stress. No significant differences in sAA levels were observed between sexes, ORT performance, or oral health. Our results indicate that autonomic responsivity and cognitive (memory) functions were preserved even in very old marmosets.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%