Spontaneous multilevel airway haemorrhage in acquired haemophilia A

Abstract

Otolaryngologists' awareness of underlying haematological pathologies and their natural course of disease in cases of severe airway haemorrhage is of paramount importance in anticipating evolving issues in management of these patients.

Managing and securing the bleeding upper airway: a narrative review

“…28 Soaking the swab with a topical haemostatic agent, such as epinephrine or thrombin may help control bleeding. Anti-fibrinolytics, such as tranexamic acid, 29 should also be considered and, in addition to intravenous injection, may be administered via nebulization 30 or applied directly with Bleeding tumour/malignancy 5 /vascular malformation 71 Oral, nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal locations Coagulopathy, 26,72 anticoagulation treatment or thrombolytic therapy 73 Pharyngeal bleeding following thrombolytic therapy 73 Trauma to the face or neck 10,44 Maxillofacial, neck, and laryngeal injury 10 Post-surgery 5,24,74 E.g., post-tonsillectomy, post cancer surgery, 5 and following dental implant insertion 74 Iatrogenic-often due to airway management…”