Spontaneous histamine release after exposure to hyperosmolar solutions

Banks, James R.; Kagey‐Sobotka, Anne; Lichtenstein, Lawrence M.; Eggleston, Peyton A.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(86)90114-4

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Considering that b 2 -agonists may affect the degranulation of inflammatory cells, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies [31,32], it was thought that this effect might mask a possible difference between HS and IS solution mediator release. Since in vitro studies have demonstrated that HS solution can activate inflammatory cells [6][7][8][9], and there is no demonstration from in vivo studies that MPO, EPX and NE levels are similar in HS-and ISinduced sputum supernatant [4], b 2 -agonist pretreatment was avoided in the present comparison between HS-and ISinduced sputum. However, this fact is not relevant in practice, because guidelines recommend b 2 -pretreatment before both HS and IS inhalation [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that hypertonic solutions modify mediator release from inflammatory cells by acting as a strong stimulus for cell activation [6][7][8], or, conversely, by inhibiting leukocyte degranulation [5,9]. In sputum induction, the hypertonic solution might increase osmolarity of the airway lining fluid, thus influencing mediator release from granulocytes during inhalation or sputum processing, or both.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Granulocyte markers in hypertonic and isotonic saline-induced sputum of asthmatic subjects

Cianchetti

Bacci²,

Ruocco³

et al. 2004

European Respiratory Journal

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The aim of this study was to assess whether hyperosmolarity affects granulocyte mediator levels in induced sputum of asthmatic subjects.A total of 32 mild-to-moderate asthmatics, who inhaled either hypertonic (HS; 4.5% NaCl) or isotonic (IS; 0.9% NaCl) solutions for 15 min, were studied. Selected sputum was used for analysis. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and free neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in sputum supernatant.Sample weight, total and differential cell counts, as well as viability and squamous cell percentage were no different after the two tests. No significant differences in ECP, EPX, MPO or NE levels were observed between HS-and IS-induced sputum. Repeatability of the two tests was good for macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, ECP, EPX and NE, but not for lymphocytes and MPO.In conclusion, hyperosmolarity does not affect sputum cell counts and the levels of most granulocyte degranulation markers examined in this study, confirming that both hypertonic and isotonic solutions can be reliably used to induce sputum in asthmatics. Hypertonic saline (HS) inhalation is currently used to collect sputum from the airways of asthmatic subjects who do not produce sputum spontaneously. However, in high-risk subjects, inhalation with isotonic saline (IS) is recommended, at least at the beginning of sputum induction [1]. Thus, it is important that sputum samples collected after either induction method have a similar composition. Several studies have compared the cell composition of sputum obtained after the two different methods of induction and showed good concordance for inflammatory cell percentages [2-4]; however, few studies have compared the concentrations of soluble mediators in the sputum supernatant [5].A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that hypertonic solutions modify mediator release from inflammatory cells by acting as a strong stimulus for cell activation [6-8], or, conversely, by inhibiting leukocyte degranulation [5,9]. In sputum induction, the hypertonic solution might increase osmolarity of the airway lining fluid, thus influencing mediator release from granulocytes during inhalation or sputum processing, or both.Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare preformed soluble mediator levels derived from eosinophils and neutrophils, such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE), in induced sputum obtained by means of either HS or IS inhalation in mild-to-moderate asthmatic subjects. In addition, the total and differential cell counts were also evaluated in the same sputum samples. Subjects and methods SubjectsA total of 44 mild-to-moderate asthmatic subjects, who were recruited from the authors9 asthma clinic, were examined. Asthma was diagnosed at the time of the first examination, according to internationally accepted criteria [10], after assessing reversible airway obstruction and/or nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocyte markers in hypertonic and isotonic saline-induced sputum of asthmatic subjects

Cianchetti

Bacci²,

Ruocco³

et al. 2004

European Respiratory Journal

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show abstract

“…This results in the release of pre‐formed granule‐derived mediators and neutral proteases, the synthesis and release of newly formed lipid products and the transcription of numerous cytokines [28–32] (Table 1). In addition to this conventional IgE‐dependent mast cell activation, recent studies indicate that some allergens such as Der p 1, which is a serine protease, as well as neuropeptides, eosinphil products, defensins and changes in osmolality can induce mast cell histamine and cytokine secretion directly through IgE‐ independent mechanisms [33–37].…”

Section: Mast Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the role of the mast cell in asthma

Brightling

Bradding

Pavord

et al. 2003

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…There was no basophil activation following negative control stimulation (stimulation buffer), but similar responses to positive stimulation controls (anti-FcεRI) and (fMLP), suggesting basophil hyper-releaseability was specific to basophils from food allergic subjects as has been reported previously. (32–35) Vonakis et al (28) demonstrated that cultured peripheral blood basophils from chronic idiopathic urticaria patients spontaneously degranulated, and that basophils from responders among these patients contained significantly increased splenocytes tyrosine kinase (Syk) and decreased SHIP-2 as compared to non responders and normals. In addition, Kepley et al (36) detected less Syk in basophils of nonresponders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%