Spontaneous heart disease in the adult chimpanzee (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>)

Seiler, Brittany M.; Dick, Edward J.; Guardado-Mendoza, Rodolfo; VandeBerg, John L.; Williams, Jeff T.; Mubiru, James N.; Hubbard, Gene B.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00307.x

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Markers of oxidation in blood-cell DNA and lipids were higher, though some antioxidants were lower relative to healthy young men. Despite these risk indicators, ischemic coronary artery disease has not been identified as the main cause of death in 3 other modern colonies, where most sudden deaths were attributed to congestive heart failure from fibrillation in association with myocardial fibrosis: Yerkes (44), Almagordo (47), and Southwest Foundation (48). Ischemic arterial disease was considered minor in most sudden deaths in these well-maintained colonies, in contrast to the earlier reports.…”

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confidence: 50%

Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: Roles of infection, inflammation, and nutrition

Finch

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

284

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Humans have evolved much longer lifespans than the great apes, which rarely exceed 50 years. Since 1800, lifespans have doubled again, largely due to improvements in environment, food, and medicine that minimized mortality at earlier ages. Infections cause most mortality in wild chimpanzees and in traditional forager-farmers with limited access to modern medicine. Although we know little of the diseases of aging under premodern conditions, in captivity, chimpanzees present a lower incidence of cancer, ischemic heart disease, and neurodegeneration than current human populations. These major differences in pathology of aging are discussed in terms of genes that mediate infection, inflammation, and nutrition. Apolipoprotein E alleles are proposed as a prototype of pleiotropic genes, which influence immune responses, arterial and Alzheimer's disease, and brain development.chimpanzee | pathology H umans have the longest life spans of any primate. Even under the conditions of high mortality experienced by hunterforagers, the human life expectancy at birth (LE 0 ) is twice that of wild chimpanzees. This inquiry considers the demographics and pathology of aging in humans and great apes as an approach to understanding how aging processes evolved with longer lifespans. I argue that immune functions and nutrition have been of major importance in the evolution of aging and longevity.

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contrasting

confidence: 50%

Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: Roles of infection, inflammation, and nutrition

Finch

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

284

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“…29,34,37 None of these are histologically consistent with the lesions observed in chimpanzee Nos. 1 and 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Previously reported cardiomyopathies in chimpanzees include fibrosing cardiomyopathies (interstitial myocardial fibrosis or nonspecific fibrosis), 16,19,20,26,37,52 dilated cardiomyopathy, 47 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 16 and nonspecific, viral, and protozoal myocarditis. 29,34,37 None of these are histologically consistent with the lesions observed in chimpanzee Nos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed initiating factors include genetic susceptibility, viral myocarditis (including but not limited to the picornaviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, encephalomyocarditis, and influenza viruses), vitamin E/selenium deficiency, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, obesity, stress, and other infectious or toxic agents. 36 Previous reports of myocardial fibrosis in captive chimpanzees describe nonspecific diffuse interstitial fibrosis, 19,20,37,52 and this lesion has been referred to as the ''leading cause of death in this species.'' 31 The terms myocardial fibrosis, 16,26 idiopathic cardiomyopathy, 37 and interstitial myocardial fibrosis 19,52 have all been used to describe fibrotic lesions in chimpanzee hearts, although they all appear to describe equivalent changes characterized by nonspecific, diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…36 Previous reports of myocardial fibrosis in captive chimpanzees describe nonspecific diffuse interstitial fibrosis, 19,20,37,52 and this lesion has been referred to as the ''leading cause of death in this species.'' 31 The terms myocardial fibrosis, 16,26 idiopathic cardiomyopathy, 37 and interstitial myocardial fibrosis 19,52 have all been used to describe fibrotic lesions in chimpanzee hearts, although they all appear to describe equivalent changes characterized by nonspecific, diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium. No reports describe examination of chimpanzee hearts according to protocols used to examine human hearts following suspected SCD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fatal Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in 2 Related Subadult Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

et al. 2013

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Cardiovascular disease is increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This report records 2 cases of sudden cardiac death in closely related subadult captive chimpanzees with marked replacement fibrosis and adipocyte infiltration of the myocardium, which resemble specific atypical forms of the familial human disease arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Changes were consistent with left-dominant and biventricular subtypes, which are both phenotypic variants found within human families with familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Previously reported fibrosing cardiomyopathies in chimpanzees were characterized by nonspecific interstitial fibrosis, in contrast to the replacement fibrofatty infiltration with predilection for the outer myocardium seen in these 2 cases. To the authors' knowledge, this case report is the first to describe cardiomyopathy resembling arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in nonhuman primates and the first to describe left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-type lesions in an animal.

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Great Apes

Cerveny¹,

Sleeman²

2014

Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia

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Spontaneous heart disease in the adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Abstract: Background-A high incidence of heart disease, especially idiopathic cardiomyopathy, is seen in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: Roles of infection, inflammation, and nutrition

Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: Roles of infection, inflammation, and nutrition

Fatal Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in 2 Related Subadult Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Great Apes

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