Spontaneous fluctuations in the peripheral photoplethysmographic waveform: roles of arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity

Grace, Clare; Fazalbhoy, Azharuddin; Birznieks, Ingvars; Macefield, Vaughan G.; Middleton, Paul; Lovell, Nigel H.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00970.2011

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Power values were expressed in normalized units (n.u.) by dividing them with the total power in the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands (0.008 -0.45 Hz) and then multiplying by 100 13 . A high value of normalized power signifies the relative dominance of the fluctuations.…”

Section: Data Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of conduit artery vasomotion using photoplethysmography

et al. 2013

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Vasomotion is a spontaneous oscillation of vascular tone. The phenomenon has been observed in small arterioles and capillaries as well as in the large conduit arteries. The layer of smooth muscle cells that surrounds a blood vessel can spontaneously and periodically change its tension and thereby the arterial wall stiffness also changes. As the understanding of the phenomenon is still rather obscure, researchers would benefit from a low-cost and reliable investigation technique such as photoplethysmography (PPG). PPG is an optical blood pulsation measurement technique that can offer substantial information about the arterial stiffness. The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the usefulness of the PPG technique in the research of vasomotion and to investigate vasomotion in the relatively large conduit arteries. Continuous 15 minute long measurements of posterior tibial artery wall stiffness were taken. Artery diameter, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and respiration were also simultaneously registered. Fast Fourier Transform power spectra were calculated to identify unique stiffness oscillations that did not correspond to fluctuations in the systemic parameters and thus would indicate vasomotion. We concluded that photoplethysmography is a convenient method for the research of the vasomotion in large arteries. Local stiffness parameter b/a is more accurate to use and easier to measure than the pulse wave velocity which describes stiffness of a segment of an artery. Conduit arteries might exhibit a low amplitude high frequency vasomotion ( 9 to 27 cycles per minute). Low frequency vasomotion is problematic to distinguish from the passive oscillations imposed by the arterial pressure.

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Section: Data Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of conduit artery vasomotion using photoplethysmography

et al. 2013

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“…This paper reports on research relating to the effects of local BP variation [17], with a particular emphasis on the role of the ANS on the PPG signals. Section 2 describes the experimental setup and provides a schematic representation of the clinical PPG system used in these evaluations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of the Effects of External Physiological Parameters on the Photoplethysmography Signals in the Context of Local Blood Pressure (Hydrostatic Pressure Changes)

Yuan

Poeggel

Newe

et al. 2017

Sensors

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A comprehensive study of the effect of a wide range of controlled human subject motion on Photoplethysmographic signals is reported. The investigation includes testing of two separate groups of 5 and 18 subjects who were asked to undertake set exercises whilst simultaneously monitoring a wide range of physiological parameters including Breathing Rate, Heart Rate and Localised Blood Pressure using commercial clinical sensing systems. The unique finger mounted PPG probe equipped with miniature three axis accelerometers for undertaking this investigation was a purpose built in-house version which is designed to facilitate reproducible application to a wide range of human subjects and the study of motion. The subjects were required to undertake several motion based exercises including standing, sitting and lying down and transitions between these states. They were also required to undertake set arm movements including arm-swinging and wrist rotation. A comprehensive set of experimental results corresponding to all motion inducing exercises have been recorded and analysed including the baseline (BL) value (DC component) and the amplitude of the oscillation of the PPG. All physiological parameters were also recorded as a simultaneous time varying waveform. The effects of the motion and specifically the localised Blood Pressure (BP) have been studied and related to possible influences of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and hemodynamic pressure variations. It is envisaged that a comprehensive study of the effect of motion and the localised pressure fluctuations will provide valuable information for the future minimisation of motion artefact effect on the PPG signals of this probe and allow the accurate assessment of total haemoglobin concentration which is the primary function of the probe.

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“…This cardiac-synchronous pulsatile component is assumed to depend solely on the arterial inflow of blood into a monitoring site such as the finger or earlobe [4]. As the ac PPG signal is similar in morphology to the arterial blood pressure waveform [5], it has been suggested that they are both influenced by similar vascular mechanisms [6]. Therefore, the PPG signal has been explored as a method to extract further circulatory and cardiovascular information from patients [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of peripheral photoplethysmographic morphology changes induced during a hand-elevation study

Hickey

Phillips

Kyriacou

2015

J Clin Monit Comput

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract A hand-elevation study was carried out in the laboratory in order to alter peripheral blood flow with the aim of increasing understanding of factors affecting the morphology of peripheral photoplethysmographic signals. Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals were recorded from twenty healthy volunteer subjects during a hand-elevation study in which the right hand was raised and lowered relative to heart level, while the left hand remained static. Red and infrared (IR) PPG signals were obtained from the right and left index fingers using a custom-made PPG processing system. PPG features were identified using a feature-detection algorithm based on the first derivative of the PPG signal. The systolic PPG amplitude, the reflection index, crest time, pulse width at half height, and delta T were calculated from 20 s IR PPG signals from three positions of the right hand with respect to heart level (-50, 0, ?50 cm) in 19 volunteers. PPG features were found to change with hand elevation. On lowering the hand to 50 cm below heart level, ac systolic PPG amplitudes from the finger decreased by 68.32 %, while raising the arm increased the systolic amplitude by 69.99 %. These changes in amplitude were attributed to changes in hydrostatic pressure and the venoarterial reflex. Other morphological variables, such as crest time, were found to be statistically significantly different across hand positions, indicating increased vascular resistance on arm elevation than on dependency. It was hypothesized that these morphological PPG changes were influenced by changes in downstream venous resistance, rather than arterial, or arteriolar, resistance. Changes in hand position relative to heart level can significantly affect the morphology of the peripheral ac PPG waveform. These alterations are due to a combination of physical effects and physiological responses to changes in hand position, which alter vascular resistance. Care should be taken when interpreting morphological data derived from PPG signals and methods should be standardized to take these effects into account. Permanent repository link

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Spontaneous fluctuations in the peripheral photoplethysmographic waveform: roles of arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Assessment of conduit artery vasomotion using photoplethysmography

Assessment of conduit artery vasomotion using photoplethysmography

An Experimental Study of the Effects of External Physiological Parameters on the Photoplethysmography Signals in the Context of Local Blood Pressure (Hydrostatic Pressure Changes)

Investigation of peripheral photoplethysmographic morphology changes induced during a hand-elevation study

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