Spontaneous Endogenous Core Temperature Rewarming After Cooling Due to Snow Burial

Grissom, Colin K.; Harmston, Christopher; McAlpine, J. C.; Radwin, Martin I.; Ellington, Brad; Hirshberg, Ellie; Crouch, Andre K

doi:10.1016/j.wem.2010.06.007

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The net effect is increased peripheral heat loss and core cooling. The rate of cooling may transiently increase by up to four times 37. Additionally, accidental hypothermia may result in circumrescue collapse, defined as sudden death or circulatory collapse during or after rescue, caused by the sudden onset of ventricular fibrillation or worsening cardiac failure 38…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prehospital management of avalanche victims

Kornhall

Martens-Nielsen

2015

J R Army Med Corps

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Avalanche accidents are frequently lethal events with an overall mortality of 23%. Mortality increases dramatically to 50% in instances of complete burial. With modern day dense networks of ambulance services and rescue helicopters, health workers often become involved during the early stages of avalanche rescue. Historically, some of the most devastating avalanche accidents have involved military personnel. Armed forces are frequently deployed to mountain regions in order to train for mountain warfare or as part of ongoing conflicts. Furthermore, military units are frequently called to assist civilian organised rescue in avalanche rescue operations. It is therefore important that clinicians associated with units operating in mountain regions have an understanding of, the medical management of avalanche victims, and of the preceding rescue phase. The ensuing review of the available literature aims to describe the pathophysiology particular to avalanche victims and to outline a structured approach to the search, rescue and prehospital medical management.The most frightening enemy was nature itself…. entire platoons were hit, smothered, buried without a trace, without a cry, with no other sound than the one made by the gigantic white mass itself.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prehospital management of avalanche victims

Kornhall

Martens-Nielsen

2015

J R Army Med Corps

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“…Insulation of the head and face does not seem to affect the cooling rate during simulated burial . Cooling due to afterdrop after extrication from the snow is four times higher than during snow burial …”

Section: Physiological Response and Rate Of Cooling During Acute Coldmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…To clarify the rate of cooling directly due to exposure, experimental studies have used continuous temperature measurement during simulated scenarios. Results from simulated snow burials consistently report a cooling rate of <1°C per hour, [36][37][38][39][40] whereby hypercapnia causes a slight increase in cooling to ca. 1.2°C per hour.…”

Section: And Rate Of Cooling During Acute Cold Exposurementioning

confidence: 86%

Accidental hypothermia in recreational activities in the mountains: A narrative review

Procter

Brugger

Burtscher

2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The popularity of recreational activities in the mountains worldwide has led to an increase in the total number of persons exposed to cold and extreme environments through recreation. There is little conclusive evidence about the risk of hypothermia for specific activities or populations, nor is it clear which activities are represented in the literature. This is a non-systematic review of accidental hypothermia in different recreational activities in the mountains, with a specific focus on outdoor or winter activities that potentially involve cold exposure. Cases of hypothermia have been reported in the literature in mountaineering, trekking, hiking, skiing, activities performed in the backcountry, ultra-endurance events, and databases from search and rescue services that include various types of recreation. Of these activities, hypothermia as a primary illness occurs most commonly during mountaineering in the highest elevation areas in the world and during recreation practiced in more northern or remote areas. Hypothermia in skiers, snowboarders, and glacier-based activities is most often associated with accidents occurring off-piste or in the backcountry (crevasse, avalanche). Organizers of outdoor events also have a role in reducing the incidence of hypothermia through medical screening and other preparedness measures. More complete collection and reporting of data on mild hypothermia and temperature measurement would improve our understanding of the incidence of hypothermia in outdoor recreation in future.

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“…Improvised and commercial methods for preventing further body heat loss are being developed. [70][71][72][73][74][75] Arteriovenous anastomoses rewarming with or without negativepressure devices could offer a technique to rapidly rewarm severely hypothermic patients in the fi eld. [76,77] Resuscitation protocols for hypothermia and cardiac arrest have long engendered controversy, because of the resources that are required and the dismal recovery statistics.…”

Section: Hypothermiamentioning

confidence: 99%