Spontaneous cervical epidural hemorrhage, anterior cord syndrome, and familial vascular malformation

Abstract

Complete motor tetraplegia with incomplete sensory loss was caused by spontaneous epidural bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation in the cervical region. There was a family and personal history of cutaneous hemangioma.

Spinal epidural hematomas: personal experience and literature review of more than 1000 cases

“…We examined these etiological factors individually to detect special features. We did not define any groups under the term "spontaneous" because, in the literature, this term is used to describe patients with idiopathic SEH 27 as well as those with coagulopathy, 37 female patients who were pregnant, 16 patients undergoing treatment with antiplatelet drugs, 38 those with vascular malformations, 25,27 or patients with a combination of these conditions, 3 leading to some confusion in terminology. We agree with Lonjon et al 41 that the definition "spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma," which is often used in the literature, is ambiguous, but the expression "non-traumatic spinal epidural hematoma" used by those authors is equally confusing, as it does not exclude patients with bleeding disorders or vascular malformation.…”

FamiIial vascuIar malformations Report of 25 members of one family

“…The actual frequency of these anomalies is unknown since most were asymptomatic and found only at postmortem examination (Russel & Rubinstein 1977, Snead et al 1979. The presence of familial nevus flammeus and cavernous hemangiomas, associated with intraspinal (Kufs 1928, Tonnie & Lange Cosack 1953, Kaplan et al 1976, Nova 1979, Foo et al 1980a or intracranial (Zaremba et al 1979) arteriovenous malformations has also been reported in a few families. Familial port wine stain, retinal cavernous hemangioma, and central nervous system involvement have been observed by Goldberg et al (1979).…”

“…Only a few very limited familial cases of hemangiomas, nevi flammei, or arteriovenous malformations have appeared in the literature. Familial cases of syndromes which include vascular malformations such as Sturge-Weber, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber, Bannayan, Riley, Cobb, Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc, Rendu-Osler-Weber and von Hippel-Lindau disease have been occasionally reported (Shelley & Livingood 1949, Tonning et al 1952, McIntosh Nicol 1957, Riley & Smith 1960, Trell et al 1972, Ide et al 1974, Kaplan et al 1976, King et al 1977, Barre et al 1978, Snead et al 1979, Foo et al 1980a, b, Higginbottom & Schultz 1982. Most of the conditions have demonstrated the autosoma1 dominant mode of transmission.…”

Cervical Epidural Haematoma Causing Brown-Sequard Syndrome: A Case Report

“…discussion About 40% of cervical epidural haematomas do not have any demonstrable aetiology and are referred to as idiopathic and spontaneous. 1 The diagnosis must exclude other causes such as neoplasm and systemic diseases, 2 anticoagulant therapy, 1 hypertension, 3 pregnancy, 4 and vascular malformations. 3 Cervical epidural haematoma occurs most commonly in patients aged 50 to 80 years, 5 and rarely in those younger than 16 years.…”