Spontaneous Blink Rates Correlate with Dopamine Levels in the Caudate Nucleus of MPTP-Treated Monkeys

Taylor, Jane R.; Elsworth, John D.; Lawrence, Matthew S.; Sladek, John R.; Roth, Robert H.; Redmond, D. Eugene

doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7093

Cited by 178 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Because our results also showed a sharp increase of the spontaneous eye blink rate following the presentation of negative (as opposed to positive) feedbacks, changes in early sensory processing in V1 may be interpreted as resulting from an enhanced stress response in this condition (Karson, 1983;Ponder and Kennedy, 1927). The spontaneous eye-blink rate has been linked indirectly to levels of dopamine activity as a state-dependent measure (Barbato et al, 2000;Taylor et al, 1999): the substantial increase in the blink rate following the presentation of negative performance feedbacks may thus reflect a phasic change in levels of dopamine, in particular in the frontal cortex (Abercrombie et al, 1989;Pani et al, 2000, for a review). Because excessive dopamine turnover in medial frontal structures can cause executive function impairments (Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1998;Murphy et al, 1996), these dopaminergic-dependent neuromodulation effects triggered by the presentation of negative performance feedbacks (and as a result an increase in subjective levels of state anxiety) could potentially account for changes in early attentional filtering observed at the level of the C1 in our study during negative affective state.…”

Section: Likely Sources Of Affective Sensory Filtering In V1mentioning

confidence: 51%

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Rossi

2012

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Converging electrophysiological and brain-imaging results show that sensory processing in V1 can be modulated by attention. In this study, we tested the prediction that this early filtering effect depends on the current affective state of the participant. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual peripheral distractors while participants performed a demanding task at fixation, whose perceptual load was manipulated in a parametric fashion. Crucially, levels of negative affect were either increased or decreased independently of changes in perceptual load.Concurrent psychophysiological measurements and self-report scales confirmed that changes in emotional state were effective. In the control condition, ERP results showed that the C1 component generated in response to the exact same peripheral distractors systematically varied in amplitude with the amount of perceptual load imposed at fixation, being larger when perceptual load decreased. However, this early modulatory effect in V1 was disrupted when participants transiently experienced increased state anxiety, resulting in a decreased C1 amplitude even though task load at fixation remained low. These results suggest that early bottom-up processing in V1 is not only influenced by the amount of attention resources available, but also by the current internal state of the participant.

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Section: Likely Sources Of Affective Sensory Filtering In V1mentioning

confidence: 51%

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Rossi

2012

NeuroImage

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“…Quantification of human striatal dopaminergic activities is challenging, yet we aimed to describe the robust pattern of effects caused by dopamine agonism using spontaneous eye blink rate, a controversial yet compelling candidate correlate of striatal dopaminergic tone [34][35][36][37] . Blink rates changed in a predictable inverted-U manner under cabergoline challenge as a function of baseline state, where high blink rate (putative high dopaminergic tone) under placebo predicted a diminishment under cabergoline (presumably lower dopaminergic tone) and vice versa for the other arm of the distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous eye blink rate is thought to be a non-specific correlate of striatal dopaminergic tone [34][35][36][37] . We thus sought to examine whether cabergoline, as a dopaminergic agonist, would cause an alteration in blink rate, and if this alteration was tied to the hypothesized dopaminergic mediation of the cost of conflict.…”

Section: Study I Participants and Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that low doses of D1 agonists decrease reward learning and consequently increase relative learning from punishment, whereas low doses of D2 antagonists have the opposite effect [30][31][32][33] . To track individual differences in the outcome of this pharmacological manipulation, we measured spontaneous eye blink rate, thought to be a correlate of striatal dopaminergic tone [34][35][36][37] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

et al. 2014

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Conflict has been proposed to act as a cost in action selection, implying a general function of medio-frontal cortex in the adaptation to aversive events. Here we investigate if response conflict acts as a cost during reinforcement learning by modulating experienced reward values in cortical and striatal systems. Electroencephalography recordings show that conflict diminishes the relationship between reward-related frontal theta power and cue preference yet it enhances the relationship between punishment and cue avoidance. Individual differences in the cost of conflict on reward versus punishment sensitivity are also related to a genetic polymorphism associated with striatal D1 versus D2 pathway balance (DARPP-32). We manipulate these patterns with the D2 agent cabergoline, which induces a strong bias to amplify the aversive value of punishment outcomes following conflict. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that interactive cortico-striatal systems implicitly modulate experienced reward and punishment values as a function of conflict.

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“…Spontaneous blinks 6 which assumes that blink rate is a neurobiological measure of dopaminergic activity (Dreisbach, et al 2005;Taylor, et al 1999;cf., van der Post, de Waal, de Kam, Cohen, & van Gerven, 2004).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%