Spontaneous BHV1 recombinants in which the gI/gE/US9 region is replaced by a duplication/inversion of the US1.5/US2 region

Rijsewijk, F.A.M.; Verschuren, S. B. E.; Madić, Josip; Ruuls, Robin; Renaud, P.; Oirschot, J.T. van

doi:10.1007/s007050050608

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As the BAC-derived gE-negative mutant was unable to form plaques, this is the most likely explanation for the inability to identify any fluorescent plaques. This result was unexpected, as previously reported rBoHV-1 strains negative for gE were able to form plaques under overlays, although the plaques were smaller than those of the parent virus (20,30). However, all of these rBoHV-1 were constructed from subtype 1.1 viruses, not the subtype 1.2 virus used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Further, the recently described GET mutagenesis system (16) has been successfully used to delete the gene coding for gE. While the gE gene has been deleted from other strains of BoHV-1 (20,30), this is the first report describing the deletion of gE from the 1.2b subtype. Previous attempts in our laboratory using established homologous recombination protocols failed to identify any gE-negative mutants despite extensive screening (unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction and Manipulation of an Infectious Clone of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Genome Maintained as a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome

Mahony¹,

McCarthy²,

Gravel³

et al. 2002

J Virol

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The complete genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) strain V155 has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Following electroporation into Escherichia coli strain DH10B, the BoHV-1 BAC was stably propagated over multiple generations of its host. BAC DNA recovered from DH10B cells and transfected into bovine cells produced a cytopathic effect which was indistinguishable from that of the parent virus. Analysis of the replication kinetics of the viral progeny indicated that insertion of the BAC vector into the thymidine kinase gene did not affect viral replication. Specific manipulation of the BAC was demonstrated by deleting the gene encoding glycoprotein E by homologous recombination in DH10B cells facilitated by GET recombination. These studies illustrate that the propagation and manipulation of herpesviruses in bacterial systems will allow for rapid and accurate characterization of BoHV-1 genes. In turn, this will allow for the full utilization of BoHV-1 as a vaccine vector.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Manipulation of an Infectious Clone of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Genome Maintained as a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome

Mahony¹,

McCarthy²,

Gravel³

et al. 2002

J Virol

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“…RNA viruses), indicating that additional mechanisms must act together with mutations to mediate herpesvirus evolution (Schynts et al, 2003). Of these mechanisms, homologous recombination is the most frequent in herpesviruses, although illegitimate recombination has also been observed (Rijsewijk et al, 1999;Umene, 1999). Whether viral recombination in general is driven by mechanistic constraints associated with genome structures or is selectively favoured as a means to increase genetic diversity end eliminate deleterious mutations, it is undisputed that recombination can be considered as an essential driving force to increase the occurrence of rare but advantageous mutations within a viral species .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5

Maidana

Craig

et al. 2017

Virus Research

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Closely related bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) co-circulate in certain countries, rendering cattle co-infection possible. This is a prerequisite for BoHV recombination. Here, we report the first identification of homologous recombination between field isolates of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, two alphaherpesviruses belonging to two distinct species with an average genomic similarity of 82.3%. Three isolates of BoHV-5, previously classified as subtype "BoHV-5b", were phylogenetically studied and analyzed via eight PCR sequencing assays dispersed at regular intervals throughout the genome to discriminate between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. In the phylogenetic analysis, differences of clustering were found in the UL27 gene which encodes the glycoprotein B (gB). We detected two recombination breakpoints in the open reading frame of the UL27 gene. We compared the amino acid sequences of the gB of BoHV-1.1 and 1.2, BoHV-5a and recombinant formerly named BoHV-5b (chimeric gB) and subsequently performed molecular modeling. All structures were alike and, simultaneously, similar to the chimeric gB. Neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and recombinant viruses were analyzed via serum virus neutralization test using polyclonal sera and a monoclonal antibody against gB to demonstrate an absence of viral escape for both assays.Our results show that homologous recombination between two related species of ruminant alphaherpesviruses can occur in natural field conditions. We found three recombinant field isolates, previously classified as BoHV-5b subtypes, between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5.

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“…2d and e). However, Rijsewijk et al (1999) demonstrated an improved release of BoHV-1DgE from infected cells compared with wild-type BoHV-1. Therefore, a possible explanation for the observed differences may be that, in cells infected with BoHV1DgE mutants, more virions could be secreted into the medium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The UL49 gene product of BoHV-1: a major factor in efficient cell-to-cell spread

Kalthoff

Granzow

Trapp

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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The role of the UL49 gene product, VP22, of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in virus replication was characterized with respect to a putative functional interaction of VP22 with the viral glycoprotein E (gE) during BoHV-1 cell-to-cell spread. Deletion of the open reading frames of UL49 and/or gE from an infectious BoHV-1 bacterial artificial chromosome clone did not severely impair the production of viral progeny in single-step growth experiments. However, plaque sizes induced by a VP22-negative BoHV-1 were reduced by 52 %, whilst for the gE/VP22-negative double-deletion mutant a reduction of 83 % could be observed in comparison with parental and revertant viruses, which was consistent with a marked reduction in multi-step growth experiments at early time points. These results suggest that gE and VP22 are important for BoHV-1 cell-to-cell spread, and that both are likely to act independently of each other in a critical pathway for virus cell-to-cell spread.Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae (Fauquet et al., 2005), is a major cause of respiratory and genital tract disease in cattle (Gibbs & Rweyemamu, 1977). Like other alphaherpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), pseudorabies virus (PrV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), BoHV-1 infects both epithelial and neuronal tissues (Arvin, 1996;Corey & Spear, 1986;Field & Hill, 1975;Tikoo et al., 1995). Within these specialized compartments, virus can disseminate efficiently by means of direct cell-to-cell spread, which protects infectious virions from the adverse effects of neutralizing antibodies (Johnson & Huber, 2002). Virus cell-to-cell spread and entry of extracellular virus particles frequently share mechanistic details, e.g. the utilization of similar membrane fusion machinery, but cell-to-cell spread also involves other intra-and extracellular biophysical events determining virus delivery to cell junctions, as well as the use of receptors found exclusively at cell junctions (Johnson & Huber, 2002).As in other alphaherpesviruses, the BoHV-1 complex of glycoprotein E (gE) and gI is not involved in the entry of extracellular particles (Rebordosa et al., 1996;Yoshitake et al., 1997) and hence viral gE deletion mutants display unimpaired penetration kinetics and virus yields in cell culture (Rebordosa et al., 1996). However, deletion of BoHV-1 gE is generally associated with a marked reduction in plaque size in vitro (Rebordosa et al., 1996;Trapp et al., 2003), and gE deletion mutants have been shown to be attenuated in their respective bovine host (van Engelenburg et al., 1994). Interestingly, for cell-associated alphaherpesviruses, such as VZV and Marek's disease virus (MDV), formation of the gE/gI complex is critical for virus replication in vitro (Mallory et al., 1997;Schumacher et al., 2001). With respect to virion morphogenesis, Fuchs et al. (2002) Previously, a BoHV-1DUL49 deletion mutant was shown to produce decreased extracellular virus titres and to be avirulent in its bovine host (Liang et...

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Spontaneous BHV1 recombinants in which the gI/gE/US9 region is replaced by a duplication/inversion of the US1.5/US2 region

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Construction and Manipulation of an Infectious Clone of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Genome Maintained as a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome

Construction and Manipulation of an Infectious Clone of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Genome Maintained as a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome

Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5

The UL49 gene product of BoHV-1: a major factor in efficient cell-to-cell spread

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