Spontaneous and Evoked Unitary Activities of Cat Lateral Geniculate Neurons in Sleep and Wakefulness

Sakakura, Hisatoshi

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.18.23

Cited by 151 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similarly, presynaptic inhibitions was observed in lateral geniculate nucleus during 'tracking eye movements' of midpontine pretrigeminal cats (Kawamura & Marchiafava, 1968). Burst activity of geniculate cells with rapid eye movements of sleep was observed by Sakakura, (1968). During vestibular nystagmus in the ence'phale isole6 cat, Jeannerod & Putkonen (1971) found that activity of 66 % of geniculate cells was modified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of eye movements on geniculo‐striate excitability in the cat

Adey¹,

Noda²

1973

The Journal of Physiology

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3. The post-synaptic components of the cortical response were enhanced for about 200 msec, reaching a peak at approximately 150 msec after the initiation of an eye movement. Although this facilitation occurred also in complete darkness, it did not occur when the visual field was abruptly shifted while the eyes were stationary. The fact that it occurred with eye movements and exclusively in the post-synaptic components suggests that it was caused by signals from a system closely related to eye movements. This may be a manifestation of the corollary mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of eye movements on geniculo‐striate excitability in the cat

Adey¹,

Noda²

1973

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Efficacy increases as state moves from slowwave sleep to REM-sleep or wakefulness (e.g. Sakakura, 1968;Livingstone and Hubel, 1981;reviewed in McCormick and Bal, 1997). Within wakefulness, efficacy can be further increased by arousal and attention (Swadlow and Weyand, 1985;Sawai et al, 1988;O'Conner et al, 2002;Casagrande et al, 2005;Bezdudnaya et al, 2006;McAlonan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Retinogeniculate Gain Control By State Level Of Arousal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Weyand

2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractProviding the critical link between the retina and visual cortex, the well-studied lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has stood out as a structure in search of a function exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction of its input. Despite such promise, the extent to which an LGN neuron separates itself from its retinal brethren has proven difficult to appreciate. Here, I argue that whereas retinogeniculate coupling is strong, what occurs in the LGN is judicious pruning of a retinal drive by nonretinal inputs. These nonretinal inputs reshape a receptive field that under the right conditions departs significantly from its retinal drive, even if transiently. I first review design features of the LGN and follow with evidence for 10 putative functions. Only two of these tend to surface in textbooks: parsing retinal axons by eye and functional group and gating by state. Among the remaining putative functions, implementation of the principle of graceful degradation and temporal decorrelation are at least as interesting but much less promoted. The retina solves formidable problems imposed by physics to yield multiple efficient and sensitive representations of the world. The LGN applies context, increasing content, and gates several of these representations. Even if the basic concentric receptive field remains, information transmitted for each LGN spike relative to each retinal spike is measurably increased.

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“…Bizzi (1966) showed that the majority of LGN cells of the cat discharged in bursts in darkness 15-20 msec after the onset of rapid eye movements (REM) of sleep and suggested that the bursts were due to a corollary discharge. Burst activity of LGN cells in REM sleep has also been observed by Sakakura (1968). During vestibular nystagmus in enc6phale isole cats, Jeannerod & Putkonen (1971) found that activity of 66% LGN cells was modified.…”

Section: Dischargesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Discharges of relay cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat during spontaneous eye movements in light and darkness.

Noda¹

1975

The Journal of Physiology

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3. Following saccades occurring in the light, T and M cells showed a burst discharge, while spontaneous discharges of S cells were completely suppressed for 150-200 msec. 4. When tested in total darkness, modifications in activity which were apparent in light disappeared completely. This was true for all 315 relay cells.5. T cells responded to optic chiasm stimulation at shorter latencies (X = 1.15 msec) than S cells (X = 1P77 msec). M cells showed a latency distribution in between those for S and T cells with a mean latency 1*40 msec. 6. When tested with moving grating stimulation, S cells responded in only one manner; with discharges to each stripe of the grating (primary response), while T and M cells showed two different responses: a primary response to a slower motion and a non-specific burst in response to a faster motion. The burst did not reflect the stimulus pattern (secondary response).7. When tested with diffuse light switched on and off over the tangent screen, S cells showed a sustained response either to light or darkness, whereas T and M cells responded transiently either to the onset or offset of the light, or to both. M cells occasionally showed a mixture of transient and sustained responses either to light or darkness.

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Spontaneous and Evoked Unitary Activities of Cat Lateral Geniculate Neurons in Sleep and Wakefulness

Cited by 151 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of eye movements on geniculo‐striate excitability in the cat

Influence of eye movements on geniculo‐striate excitability in the cat

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Discharges of relay cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat during spontaneous eye movements in light and darkness.

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