“…In addition, we assumed that it was highly plausible that after depletion of T cells by cyclophosphamide (Rollinghoff, Starzinski-Powitz, Pfizenmaier, & Wagner, 1977), bovine colostrum may affect reconstitution of T cell pool indirectly, by inducing relevant cytokines from cells of the reticuloendothelial system in the bone marrow and spleen. Therefore, we not only assayed the cytokine levels in vivo, but we also detected the cytokine levels in splenocyte culture supernatants induced by ConA, since T lymphocytes in a resting or non-activated stage usually show minimal or undetectable cytokine expression, which makes systematic investigation of basal cytokine profiles a difficult task (Gattringer, Huber, Michlmayr, & Braunsteiner, 1981).…”