Spontaneous Alternation Behavior

Dember, William N.; Richman, Charles L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8879-1

Cited by 132 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…These studies implicate D 4 receptor in cognitive functions generally, but In the present study, we used a delayed alternation task to test for a role of the D 4 receptor in working memory in rats. Consistent with previous reports (Dember and Fowler, 1958), performance of rats in this task was dependent on the length of the intertrial delay, during which the rats must remember which arm of the T-maze was visited in the preceding trial. The number of correct trials and the WMI decreased significantly with increasing delays between trials, indicating construct validity of the procedure as a paradigm for working memory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Because of this unique distribution, we hypothesize that D 4 receptor may play a significant role in working memory. In the present study, we examined behavioral effects of L-745,870, a highly selective D 4 receptor antagonist, using a continuous delayed alternation task, a commonly used paradigm to assess working memory in rat (Dember and Fowler, 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Working Memory by Dopamine D4 Receptor in Rats

Zhang

Grady

Tsapakis

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Working memory is regulated by neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex (PFC), including dopamine and norepinephrine. Previous studies of dopamine function in working memory have focused on the D 1 and D 2 receptors, with most evidence suggesting a dominant role for the D 1 receptor. Since the dopamine D 4 receptor is highly expressed in PFC, we hypothesize that it may also contribute to working memory. To test this hypothesis, we examined behavioral effects of L-745,870, a highly selective, centrally active, D 4 antagonist, using a delayed alternation task in rats. Task performance was dose-dependently affected by the D 4 antagonist, depending on individual baseline functional status of working memory. In rats with good baseline performance, the D 4 antagonist had no effects at low doses, whereas high doses disrupted working memory. In rats with poor baseline working memory, the D 4 antagonist significantly improved working memory at low doses, and higher doses were not distinguishable from vehicle controls. Effects of the D 4 antagonist among poor performers were most robust when task demand for working memory was high, with lesser effects at lower demand level, suggesting that such effects were selective for working memory. The present findings indicate a significant role of the D 4 receptor in working memory, and suggest innovative, D 4 -based, treatment of cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Working Memory by Dopamine D4 Receptor in Rats

Zhang

Grady

Tsapakis

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…However, it had already been known for many years that both fornix lesions (which partially deafferent the hippocampus) and hippocampal lesions produce devastating deficits in spontaneous alternation [42,44], which can be seen as a sort of continuous (spatial) non-matchto-sample of position. Spontaneous alternation is a task on a T-maze in which animals are rewarded for entering the arm not entered on the previous trial, in other words for alternating goal arms [42]. Unlike the DNMS tasks used with monkeys and humans, the two samples in spontaneous alternation are spatial: in order to sample them, the animal must physically move itself into one or the other [1,144,150,259].…”

Section: The Delayed-non-match-to-sample Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As noted above, hippocampal lesions affect spatial non-match tasks such as spatial alternation [42,44] and the radial-maze [153]. Similarly, hippocampal lesions affect the radial and water mazes only when no direct cues are available.…”

Section: Not All Cues Are Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hippocampal debate: are we asking the right questions?

Redish

2001

Behavioural Brain Research

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For years, the debate has been: 'Is the hippocampus the cognitive map?' or 'Is the hippocampus the core of memory?' These two hypotheses derived their original power from two key experiments-the cognitive map theory from the remarkable spatial correlates seen in recordings of hippocampal pyramidal cells and the memory theory from the profound amnesias seen in the patient H.M. Both of these key experiments have been reinterpreted over the years: hippocampal cells are correlated with much more than place and H.M. is missing much more than just his hippocampus. However, both theories are still debated today. The hippocampus clearly plays a role in both navigation and memory processing. The question that must be addressed is rather: 'What is the role played by the hippocampus in the navigation and memory systems?' By looking at the navigation system as a whole, one can identify the major role played by the hippocampus as correcting for accumulation errors that occur within idiothetic navigation systems. This is most clearly experimentally evident as reorientation when an animal is lost. Carrying this over to a more general process, this becomes a role of recalling a context, bridging a contextual gap, or, in other words, it becomes a form of recognition memory. I will review recent experimental data which seems to support this theory over the more general spatial or memory theories traditionally applied to hippocampus.

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“…First, spontaneous alternation testing requires no reward and therefore no food or water motivation, avoiding potential complications of design based on different motivation levels across groups (cf. Dember and Richman, 1989;Lalonde, 2002). Similarly, because the task involves relatively low stress, differences in stress responses to training are less likely to interfere with interpretations regarding the bases for possible differences in learning and memory, in contrast to tasks such as the swim task where hypothermia-related stress responses in Ts65Dn mice vs. controls produced apparent differences in learning and memory that were better attributed to genotypic differences in stress responses (Stasko and Costa, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in memory and in acetylcholine functions in the hippocampus in the Ts65Dn mouse, a model of Down syndrome

Chang

Gold

2008

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Spatial working memory and the ability of a cholinesterase inhibitor to enhance memory were assessed at 4, 10, and 16 months of ages in control and Ts65Dn mice, a partial trisomy model of Down syndrome, with possibly significant relationships to Alzheimer's Disease as well. In addition, ACh release during memory testing was measured in samples collected from the hippocampus using in vivo microdialysis at 4, 10, and 22-25 months of age. When tested on a four-arm spontaneous alternation task, the Ts65Dn mice exhibited impaired memory scores at both 4 and 10 months. At 16 months, control performance had declined toward that of the Ts65Dn mice and the difference in scores across genotypes was not significant. Physostigmine (50 μg/kg) fully reversed memory deficits in the Ts65Dn mice in the 4-month-old group but not in older mice. Ts65Dn and control mice exhibited comparable baseline levels of ACh release at all ages tested; these levels did not decline significantly across age in either genotype. ACh release increased significantly during alternation testing only in the young Ts65Dn and control mice. However, the increase in ACh release during alternation testing was significantly greater in control than Ts65Dn mice at this age. The controls exhibited a significant age-related decline in the testing-related increase in ACh release. With only a small increase during testing in young Ts65Dn mice, the age-related decline in responsiveness of ACh release to testing was not significant in these mice. Overall, these results suggest that diminished responsiveness of ACh release in the hippocampus to behavioral testing may contribute memory impairments in Ts65Dn mice.

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Spontaneous Alternation Behavior

Cited by 132 publications

References 0 publications

Regulation of Working Memory by Dopamine D4 Receptor in Rats

Regulation of Working Memory by Dopamine D4 Receptor in Rats

The hippocampal debate: are we asking the right questions?

Age-related changes in memory and in acetylcholine functions in the hippocampus in the Ts65Dn mouse, a model of Down syndrome

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