Spontaneous adoption of the gaze cue's perspective in a 3-D version of the noninformative gaze-cueing paradigm

Schulz, J.; Velichkovsky, Boris M.; Helmert, Jens R.

doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.864739

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Remarkably, a reliable orienting of attention emerged only when the cueing face depicted an individual that was in the condition to see the peripheral target (i.e., open eyes or sunglasses conditions). Conceptually similar results indicating larger orienting of attention in response to faces representing individuals in conditions that allow them to actually see the targets have subsequently been reported by employing different tasks and stimuli (e.g., Kawai, 2011;Morgan, Freeth, & Smith, 2018;Schulz, Velichkovsky, & Helmert, 2014;Teufel, Alexis, Clayton, & Davis, 2010;Wiese, Wykowska, Zwickel, & Müller, 2012). Nonetheless, another stream of studies failed to report an influence of attributed mental states on social orienting.…”

Section: Mental State Attributionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Social modulators of gaze-mediated orienting of attention: A review

2020

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Humans tend to shift attention according to others' eye-gaze direction. This is a core ability as it permits to create pervasive relationships among individuals and with the environment around them. In the beginning, this form of social orienting was considered a reflexive phenomenon, but in recent years evidence has shown that it is also permeable to several social factors related to the observer, the individual depicted in the cueing face, and the relationship between them. The major goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview concerning the role that social variables can play in shaping covert gaze cueing in healthy adults, critically examining both the modulatory social factors for which evidence is more robust and those for which evidence is mixed. When available, overt attention studies will also be discussed. Finally, a novel theoretical framework linking these social and attention domains will be also introduced.

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Section: Mental State Attributionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Social modulators of gaze-mediated orienting of attention: A review

2020

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“…Moreover, several studies have shown that this effect can be modulated by mental state attribution, as gaze indicates not only where a person is looking, but also what or who the individual is attending (Nuku & Bekkering, 2008; Samson, Apperly, Braithwaite, Andrews, & Bodley Scott, 2010; Teufel, Alexis, Clayton, & Davis, 2010). Therefore, over the last two decades, reflecting the idea that gaze cueing paradigm tapped into social cognition, several researchers have successfully adapted and applied this paradigm to study social attention in both healthy (Cole, Smith, & Atkinson, 2015; Marotta, Lupiáñez, Martella, & Casagrande, 2012; Schulz, Velichkovsky, & Helmert, 2014) and clinical populations, such as autism (Johnson et al, 2005; Ristic et al, 2005; Vlamings, Stauder, van Son, & Mottron, 2005), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Marotta et al, 2014) and patients with schizophrenia (Akiyama et al, 2008; Dalmaso, Galfano, Tarqui, Forti, & Castelli, 2013). In euthymic BD patients, most studies reported intact orienting effects in response to non-social spatial cues (Barekatain, Haghighi, Jahangard, Ranjkesh, & Maracy, 2008; Marotta et al, 2015).…”

Section: Social Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating gaze processing in euthymic bipolar disorder: Impaired ability to infer mental state and intention, but preservation of social attentional orienting

Marotta

Chiaie

Bernabei

et al. 2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with subtle impairment in face processing. However, it is not known whether their difficulties extend to the processing of gaze. In the present study, two tasks, both of which rely on the ability to make use of the eye region of a pictured face, were used: the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and the Eye-gaze cueing task. Compared to healthy controls, BD patients were impaired at judging mental state from images of the face but showed normal susceptibility to the direction of gaze as an attentional cue. These findings suggest that BD patients present selective gaze processing impairment, limited to the sensitivity to intention and emotion. This impairment could account at least partially for the higher levels of interpersonal problems generally observed in BD.

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“…Our findings indicate a reduction of the cueing effect in the occluded condition rather than a complete absence. However, attenuated gaze cueing effects that cannot be entirely suppressed have been associated with dynamic eye-motion cues (Teufel et al, 2010;Schulz et al, 2014) rather than with static eyegaze (Nuku and Bekkering, 2008;Kawai, 2011) such as in the present experiment. In a similar vein, the schema theory of gaze cueing states that the cueing effect can be inhibited to a certain extent, and mental state attribution could inhibit the effect when less clear sensory information is available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…In a similar vein, the schema theory of gaze cueing states that the cueing effect can be inhibited to a certain extent, and mental state attribution could inhibit the effect when less clear sensory information is available. Since our robot cannot move the eyes, these results are unlikely to be related to an automatic mechanism activated by eye motion (Baron-Cohen, 1995;Schulz et al, 2014). Further research on robotic gaze following should explore social orienting by including robots with varying gazing capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Can the robot “see” what I see? Robot gaze drives attention depending on mental state attribution

Morillo-Mendez,

Stower,

Sleat

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Mentalizing, where humans infer the mental states of others, facilitates understanding and interaction in social situations. Humans also tend to adopt mentalizing strategies when interacting with robotic agents. There is an ongoing debate about how inferred mental states affect gaze following, a key component of joint attention. Although the gaze from a robot induces gaze following, the impact of mental state attribution on robotic gaze following remains unclear. To address this question, we asked forty-nine young adults to perform a gaze cueing task during which mental state attribution was manipulated as follows. Participants sat facing a robot that turned its head to the screen at its left or right. Their task was to respond to targets that appeared either at the screen the robot gazed at or at the other screen. At the baseline, the robot was positioned so that participants would perceive it as being able to see the screens. We expected faster response times to targets at the screen the robot gazed at than targets at the non-gazed screen (i.e., gaze cueing effect). In the experimental condition, the robot's line of sight was occluded by a physical barrier such that participants would perceive it as unable to see the screens. Our results revealed gaze cueing effects in both conditions although the effect was reduced in the occluded condition compared to the baseline. These results add to the expanding fields of social cognition and human-robot interaction by suggesting that mentalizing has an impact on robotic gaze following.

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Spontaneous adoption of the gaze cue's perspective in a 3-D version of the noninformative gaze-cueing paradigm

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Social modulators of gaze-mediated orienting of attention: A review

Social modulators of gaze-mediated orienting of attention: A review

Investigating gaze processing in euthymic bipolar disorder: Impaired ability to infer mental state and intention, but preservation of social attentional orienting

Can the robot “see” what I see? Robot gaze drives attention depending on mental state attribution

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