Spontane und reizbedingte Änderungen der antidromen Erregbarkeit von bulbären respiratorischen Nervenzellen der Katze

Baumgarten, R. von; Nakayama, Sosogu

doi:10.1007/bf00412425

Cited by 29 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3) Axonal projections [13,15,16,38]: bulbospinal [6], bulbopontine, pontobulbar, intrinsic brain stem, spinal motoneuron, vagal motoneuron, local interneurons. Axonal conduction velocities of a part of these respiratory neurons are reported [16].…”

Section: B Classification Of Respiratory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C (3,6,9) represents results obtained during 4.10% C02 in 02 inhalation after brain stem transection at the bulbo-spinal junction. Note that the periodicity is solely maintained in the hypoglossal nerve activity (6). The ordinates indicate the autocorrelation function in relative units and one division on the time axis of the abscissae represents 900 ms [36].…”

Section: Location Of Mechanisms For Respiratory Rhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Respiratory rhythm within a neuronal network oscillator might be generated by interactions between individual neurons. Specific neural processes or properties which may underlie generation of respiratory rhythms and discharge pattern generation in the neuronal networks involve conduction delay, reciprocal and recurrent excitation and inhibition, postinhibitory rebound, plateau and slow postsynaptic potentials, extracellular K+ accumulation, and threshold events [13,16,18,46,50,51,60] E. Models for functional organization of the network of the central respiratory mechanisms Various hypothetical models to explain some aspects of the functionings of the networks of the central respiratory mechanisms have been proposed [6,16,18,46,47]. 1) The model of inspiratory neuron connections in terms of a transitional process from inspiratory to expiratory phase switching [13].…”

Section: Mechanisms For Rhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organization of the brain stem neural mechanisms for generation of respiratory rhythm - Current problems.

Hukuhara

1988

Jpn.J.Physiol

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The motoneuronal populations controlling the respiratory motor apparatus are located from sites in the brain stem to lumbar segments of the spinal cord [48,60]. In production and maintenance of respiratory movements these motoneuronal pools are mainly regulated by specific integrative neural mechanisms, the so-called central respiratory mechanisms, under various conditions. Rhythmic control of the act of breathing is performed by a rhythmic nervous activity which originates in the lower brain stem [13,15,16,47,60]. Respiratory movements are continuously adjusted in response to physiological demands of the organism by neural [13,15,16,47,60] and chemical respiratory control mechanisms [54]. These dynamic regulatory processes are maintained involving the entire neuraxis [16,21,35], although the central respiratory mechanisms in the brain stem play a main role in the regulation of breathing [13,15;16, 24, 36].

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Section: B Classification Of Respiratory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Location Of Mechanisms For Respiratory Rhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms For Rhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organization of the brain stem neural mechanisms for generation of respiratory rhythm - Current problems.

Hukuhara

1988

Jpn.J.Physiol

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How Respiratory Rhythm Originates: Evidence from Discharge Patterns of Brainstem Respiratory Neurones

Cohen

1970

Novartis Foundation Symposia

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Distribution of neuropeptide immunoreactive nerve terminals within the subnuclei of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat

Kalia

Fuxé

Hökfelt

et al. 1984

J of Comparative Neurology

243

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The location of substance P, enkephalin and somatostatin (SRIF), and neurophysin II immunoreactive nerve terminals and preterminal processes in the caudal part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS) was examined by the indirect immunofluorescence method for immunocytochemistry combined with cytoarchitectural identification of nuclear subgroups in the same tissue. In 22 Sprague-Dawley rats we examined 14-micrometers-thick serial sections of the dorsal medulla at levels from 1 mm caudal to 2 mm rostral to the obex. These sections were incubated with substance P, enkephalin, somatostatin, and neurophysin II antisera. All four peptides were examined in each case and five typical levels (two caudal and three rostral to the obex) were selected for comparison of terminal distribution between peptides. All sections were photographed under the fluorescence microscope and then counter-stained with cresyl violet. This method of analysis revealed distinct patterns of neuropeptide immunoreactivity in the subnuclei of the nTS that varied according to the level of the section. The nTS is responsible for integrating respiratory, cardiovascular (baroreceptor and cardiac), and gastrointestinal functions. The ventrolateral subnucleus (Vl)nTS, ventral subnucleus (v)nTS, interstitial subnucleus (ni)nTS, and intermediate subnucleus (nI)nTS are the major respiratory subnuclei with vlnTS and vnTS prominently associated with pulmonary afferents, ni associated with laryngeal afferents, and nI with tracheal afferents. The vlnTS, vnTS, and ni showed a moderate density of somatostatin-positive nerve terminals, scattered substance P and enkephalin immunoreactivity, and no neurophysin II-positive terminals. The nI showed moderate density of substance P immunoreactive nerve terminals. The subnuclei of the nTS receiving baroreceptor and chemoreceptor afferents--dorsolateral and dorsal (dl and d) subnuclei of nTS--showed scattered substance P immunoreactive nerve terminals. The commissural nucleus of nTS (ncom), which receives most of the cardiac afferents, showed a moderate density of enkephalin-positive immunoreactive nerve terminals. The medial subnucleus (m)nTS at levels rostral to the obex, the primary site for the termination of gastrointestinal afferents, showed substance P immunoreactivity in moderate amounts and weak immunoreactivity for all the other neuropeptides. An important result of these experiments was the observation that regions of the medulla adjacent to the nTS, i.e., the ventral parasolitarius region (vPSR), dorsal (d)PSR, and the periventricular region (PVR) showed the densest amounts of immunoreactive nerve terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Spontane und reizbedingte Änderungen der antidromen Erregbarkeit von bulbären respiratorischen Nervenzellen der Katze

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Organization of the brain stem neural mechanisms for generation of respiratory rhythm - Current problems.

Organization of the brain stem neural mechanisms for generation of respiratory rhythm - Current problems.

How Respiratory Rhythm Originates: Evidence from Discharge Patterns of Brainstem Respiratory Neurones

Distribution of neuropeptide immunoreactive nerve terminals within the subnuclei of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat

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