Sponge cell cultivation: Optimization of the model Petrosia ficiformis (Poiret 1789)

Pozzolini, Marina; Mussino, Francesca; Cerrano, Carlo; Scarfı̀, Sonia; Giovine, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.02.004

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While ultrastructural studies in Halisarca were performed on whole specimens in a small area, we analysed regeneration in a large number of identical RTEs, where the choanosome/ectosome ratio is markedly different compared with previous studies. Sponges maintain considerable proliferative activity even as adults owing to their pluripotent stem cell pool as indicated by their high tissue telomerase activity (Pozzolini et al, 2014). Funayama (2010) proposed that the stem cell system in demosponges is composed of both archeocytes and choanocytes and that the proteins Piwi and Musashi are primarily responsible for proliferative cell maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological success of these animals is due to their remarkable morphological plasticity (Gaino and Burlando, 1990) and their high tissue regeneration properties (Nickel and Brümmer, 2003). Sponge regenerative processes have been studied mainly at the morphological level with an in vitro system of 3-D cell aggregates called Primmorph (Custodio et al, 1998;Pozzolini et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2003), small tissue explants (Nickel and Brümmer, 2003) or surgically injured whole organisms (Borisenko et al, 2015). Fine ultrastructural studies conducted on the demosponge Halisarca dujardini revealed that wound repair is a complex process that includes multiple combined cellular mechanisms, such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymalto-epithelial transition (MET) (Borisenko et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the evolution of metazoan regenerative mechanisms: TGF superfamily member roles in tissue regeneration of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847

Pozzolini

Gallus

Ghignone

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Tissue repair is an adaptive and widespread metazoan response. It is characterised by different cellular mechanisms and complex signalling networks that involve numerous growth factors and cytokines. In higher animals, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling plays a fundamental role in wound healing. In order to evaluate the involvement of TGF superfamily members in lower invertebrate tissue regeneration, sequences for putative TGF ligands and receptors were isolated from the transcriptome of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. We identified seven transcripts that coded for TGF superfamily ligands and three for TGF superfamily receptors. Phylogenetically, C. reniformis TGF ligands were not grouped into any TGF superfamily clades and thus presumably evolved independently, whereas the TGF receptors clustered in the Type I receptor group. We performed gene expression profiling of these transcripts in sponge regenerating tissue explants. Data showed that three ligands (TGF1, TGF3 and TGF6) were mainly expressed during early regeneration and seemed to be involved in stem cell maintenance, whereas two others (TGF4 and TGF5) were strongly upregulated during late regeneration and thus were considered pro-differentiating factors. The presence of a strong TGF inhibitor, SB431542, blocked the restoration of the exopinacoderm layer in the sponge explants, confirming the functional involvement of the TGF pathway in tissue regeneration in these early evolved animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the evolution of metazoan regenerative mechanisms: TGF superfamily member roles in tissue regeneration of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847

Pozzolini

Gallus

Ghignone

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Short-term stabulation was performed as described in Pozzolini et al (2014). In particular, the sponges were stored at 14°C in 200-L aquaria containing natural sea water (NSW) collected in the same area of Portofino Promontory with a salinity of 37‰ and equipped with an aeration system.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of a Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis

et al. 2015

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Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) catalyzes the hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen. P4H has two functional subunits, α and β. Here, we report the cDNA cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the α and β subunits of the P4H derived from the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. The amino acid sequence of the α subunit is 533 residues long with an M r of 59.14 kDa, while the β subunit counts 526 residues with an M r of 58.75 kDa. Phylogenetic analyses showed that αP4H and βP4H are more related to the mammalian sequences than to known invertebrate P4Hs. Western blot analysis of sponge lysate protein cross-linking revealed a band of 240 kDa corresponding to an α2β2 tetramer structure. This result suggests that P4H from marine sponges shares the same quaternary structure with vertebrate homologous enzymes. Gene expression analyses showed that αP4H transcript is higher in the choanosome than in the ectosome, while the study of factors affecting its expression in sponge fragmorphs revealed that soluble silicates had no effect on the αP4H levels, whereas ascorbic acid strongly upregulated the αP4H mRNA. Finally, treatment with two different tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors determined a significant downregulation of αP4H gene expression in fragmorphs demonstrating, for the first time in Porifera, a positive involvement of TNF in sponge matrix biosynthesis. The molecular characterization of P4H genes involved in collagen hydroxylation, including the mechanisms that regulate their expression, is a key step for future recombinant sponge collagen production and may be pivotal to understand pathological mechanisms related to extracellular matrix deposition in higher organisms.

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“…Specimens of Chondrosia reniformis Nardo 1847 were collected in the area of the Portofino Promontory (Liguria, Italy) at depths of 10-20 m. During sampling and transport, the temperature was maintained at 14-15°C. Short-term stabilization was performed as described in Pozzolini et al (2014). Briefly, the sponges were stored at 14°C in 200 l aquaria containing natural seawater collected in the same area of the Portofino Promontory with a salinity of 37‰ and equipped with an aeration system.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica-induced fibrosis: an ancient response from the early metazoans

Pozzolini

Scarfı̀

Gallus

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Exposure to crystalline silica particles causes silicosis, an occupational disease leading to an overproduction of collagen in the lung. The first step of this pathology is characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine directly involved in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The marine demosponge is able to incorporate silica grains and partially dissolve the crystalline forms apparently without toxic effects. In the present work, tissue explants were treated with fine quartz dust and the expression level of fibrogenic genes was assayed by qPCR, demonstrating an overexpression of a fibrillar and a non-fibrillar collagen and of prolyl-4-hydroxylase enzyme. The deposition of new collagen could also be documented in quartz-treated sponge explants. Furthermore, TNF pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression and involvement in silica-induced sponge collagen biosynthesis was demonstrated in quartz-treated explants as compared with controls by means of specific TNF inhibitors affecting the fibrogenic gene response. As no documentable detrimental effect was observed in treated explants, we conclude that the unique quartz engulfment and erosion is physiological and beneficial to the animal, leading to new collagen synthesis and strengthening of the body stiffness. Thus, we put forward the hypothesis that an ancient physiological behaviour from the lowest of the Metazoa, persisting through evolution via the same molecular mediators such as TNF, may have become the cause of disease in the specialized tissues of higher animals such as mammals.

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Sponge cell cultivation: Optimization of the model Petrosia ficiformis (Poiret 1789)

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Insights into the evolution of metazoan regenerative mechanisms: TGF superfamily member roles in tissue regeneration of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847

Insights into the evolution of metazoan regenerative mechanisms: TGF superfamily member roles in tissue regeneration of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847

Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of a Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis

Silica-induced fibrosis: an ancient response from the early metazoans

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