Sponge-Associated Bacteria: General Overview and Special Aspects of Bacteria Associated with Halichondria panicea

Imhoff, Johannes F.; Stöhr, Rüdiger

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_2

Cited by 90 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It is well known that marine sponges harbor photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic bacteria as well as dinoflagellates (Vacelet 1982;Hentschel et al 2003 and references therein). Most of the bacteria living in association with sponges seem to be well established, growing and dividing extracellularly within the sponge mesohyl or inside the bacteriocyte cells (Imhoff and Stö hr 2003). Although not completely understood, several functions of microbial communities living in association with sponges have been identified (e.g., Wilkinson 1984;Manz et al 2000).…”

Section: Lack Of Balance Between Ingested and Excreted Nitrogen-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most marine sponges contain nonphotosynthetic bacterial associations, ranging from very few bacterial cells to populations that can sometimes occupy .40% of the sponge tissue volume (Wilkinson 1978(Wilkinson , 1984Imhoff and Stö hr 2003). Despite the effort invested during the last years to the study of the associations between sponges and microorganisms, the role of microorganisms is still an unknown aspect of sponge biology.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sponges as a source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen: Nitrification mediated by temperate sponges

Jiménez

Ribes

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

114

110

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We evaluated rates of carbon and nitrogen ingestion from particulate organic matter and dissolved inorganic nitrogen excretion by six common sponge species from Mediterranean sublittoral rocky bottom habitats. Clearance rates varied from 4 cm 3 dry weight (dry wt) 21 min 21 to 41 cm 3 dry weight (dry wt) 21 min 21 , depending on cell type and sponge species. Carbon and nitrogen ingestion rates of picoplankton by the different sponges ranged from 0.17 mg C g dry wt 21 min 21 to 1.5 mg C g dry wt 21 min 21 and 2 nmol N g dry wt 21 min 21 to 13 nmol N g dry wt 21 min 21 . Although excretion compounds and rates varied between sponge species, most of the species exhibited the ability to excrete significant amounts of nitrate with nitrification rates of 3-13 nmol N g dry wt 21 min 21 . Only one species (Dysidea avara) excreted a significant amount of ammonium. This is the first account of nitrification by temperate sponges. Particulate nitrogen ingestion and dissolved inorganic nitrogen excretion did not balance in most cases, suggesting that Mediterranean sponges may be using alternative sources of organic nitrogen. Sponge activity could have a relevant role in remineralization of organic nitrogen in oligotrophic marine coastal zones.

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Section: Lack Of Balance Between Ingested and Excreted Nitrogen-mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sponges as a source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen: Nitrification mediated by temperate sponges

Jiménez

Ribes

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

114

110

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“…The association of many demosponges with large microbial consortia is well recognized (16,18,19,21). This complex microbial community differs significantly from seawater and sediments in both concentration and diversity (12,17,56).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Transmission of a Phylogenetically Complex Microbial Consortium in the Viviparous SpongeIrcinia felix

Schmitt¹,

Weisz

Lindquist

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

122

102

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Many marine demosponges contain large amounts of phylogenetically complex yet highly sponge-specific microbial consortia within the mesohyl matrix, but little is known about how these microorganisms are acquired by their hosts. Settlement experiments were performed with the viviparous Caribbean demosponge Ircinia felix to investigate the role of larvae in the vertical transmission of the sponge-associated microbial community. Inspections by electron microscopy revealed large amounts of morphologically diverse microorganisms in the center of I. felix larvae, while the outer rim appeared to be devoid of microorganisms. In juveniles, microorganisms were found between densely packed sponge cells. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was performed to compare the bacterial community profiles of adults, larvae, and juvenile sponges. Adults and larvae were highly similar in DGGE band numbers and banding patterns. Larvae released by the same adult individual contained highly similar DGGE banding patterns, whereas larvae released by different adult individuals showed slightly different DGGE banding patterns. Over 200 bands were excised, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. The bacterial diversity of adult I. felix and its larvae was comparably high, while juveniles showed reduced diversity. In total, 13 vertically transmitted sequence clusters, hereafter termed "IF clusters," that contained sequences from both the adult sponge and offspring (larvae and/or juveniles) were found. The IF clusters belonged to at least four different eubacterial phyla and one possibly novel eubacterial lineage. In summary, it could be shown that in I. felix, vertical transmission of microorganisms through the larvae is an important mechanism for the establishment of the sponge-microbe association.Sponges (Porifera) are evolutionarily ancient metazoa that first appeared in Precambrian times nearly 600 million years ago (28). Today, an estimated 13,000 species, classified in three classes (Demospongiae, Calcarea, and Hexactinellida) populate virtually all aquatic habitats from shallow tropical reefs to the polar seas and the deep ocean and even freshwater lakes and rivers (20). A great diversity of sponges occurs on coral reefs, where they exhibit a wide range of shapes and colors. Sponges have a primitive morphology, as they lack true organs or tissues. Instead, sponges possess totipotent, mobile cells freely scattered in an extracellular matrix called the mesohyl, which is covered by a single cell layer, the pinacoderm. Inhalant and exhalant canals in the mesohyl build an aquiferous system through which water is pumped actively by flagellated choanocytes (3). As filter feeders, sponges efficiently take up nutrients like organic particles and microorganisms from the seawater, leaving the expelled water essentially sterile (37,39,57). Reproduction occurs either oviparously or viviparously. In oviparous sponges, gametes are released into the water during large, synchronized spawning events, with fertilization occurring outside the ...

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“…Sponges are said to be an excellent source for production of variety of substances. Different kinds of microbes are associated with sponges and are species specific (Imhoff, 2004). Associated microbes are responsible for theses production of variety of secondary metabolites secreted by the host organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of the Crude Extract Derived from Streptomyces spp. Associated with Sponges

Subramani¹,

Kandhasamy²,

Chinnasamy³

2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Sponge-Associated Bacteria: General Overview and Special Aspects of Bacteria Associated with Halichondria panicea

Cited by 90 publications

References 57 publications

Sponges as a source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen: Nitrification mediated by temperate sponges

Sponges as a source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen: Nitrification mediated by temperate sponges

Vertical Transmission of a Phylogenetically Complex Microbial Consortium in the Viviparous SpongeIrcinia felix

Antimicrobial Activity of the Crude Extract Derived from Streptomyces spp. Associated with Sponges

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