Spoligotyping and<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

Gori, Andrea; Bandera, Alessandra; Marchetti, Giulia; Esposti, Anna Degli; Catozzi, Lidia; Nardi, G; Gazzola, Lidia; Ferrario, Giulio; Embden, J. D. A. Van; Soolingen, Dick van; Moroni, Mauro; Franzetti, Fabio

doi:10.3201/1108.040982

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As the PCR-based methods are relatively new, their sensitivities and specificities are not well documented to date [8,9]. IS6110 RFLP is far from a perfect indicator of recent transmission, so that exactly how to estimate the properties of new methods is not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian modelling of tuberculosis clustering from DNA fingerprint data

Scott

Joseph

Bélisle

et al. 2007

Statistics in Medicine

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A combination of continuous and categorical tests, none of which is a gold standard, is often available for classification of subject status in epidemiologic studies. For example, tuberculosis (TB) molecular epidemiology uses select mycobacterial DNA sequences to provide clues about which cases of active TB are likely clustered, implying recent transmission between these cases, versus reactivation of previously acquired infection. The proportion of recently transmitted cases is important to public health, as different control methods are implemented as transmission rates increase. Standard typing methods include IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110 RFLP), but recently developed polymerase chain reaction based genotyping modalities, including mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat and spoligotyping provide quicker results. In addition, it has recently been suggested that results from IS6110 RFLP can be used to create a continuous measure of genetic relatedness, called the nearest genetic distance. Whichever method is used, estimation of cluster rates is rendered difficult by the lack of a gold standard method for classifying cases as clustered or not. Since many of these methods are relatively new, their properties have not been extensively investigated. Misclassification errors subsequently lead to sub-optimal estimation of risk factors for clustering. Here we show how Bayesian latent class models can be used in such situations, for example to simultaneously analyse Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA data from all three of the above methods. Using the data collected at the Public Health Unit in Montreal, we estimate the proportion of clustered cases and the operating characteristics of each method using information from all three methods combined, including both continuous and dichotomous measures from IS6110 RFLP. A misclassification-adjusted regression model provides estimates of the effects of risk factors on the clustering probabilities. We also discuss how one must carefully interpret any inferences that arise from a combination of continuous and dichotomous tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian modelling of tuberculosis clustering from DNA fingerprint data

Scott

Joseph

Bélisle

et al. 2007

Statistics in Medicine

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“…Initial contact investigation data gathered by the local health department and Tennessee Department of Corrections were reviewed. Genotyping results for inmates with positive M. tuberculosis cultures were determined by spoligotyping (CDC, 2005a;Cowan, Diem, Brake, & Crawford, 2004;Gori et al, 2005), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units analysis (Cowan et al, 2005;Cowan, Mosher, Diem, Massey, & Crawford, 2002), and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques (van Embden et al, 1993).…”

Section: Epidemiological Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Tennessee Prison, 2002-2004

Lambert

Espinoza

Haddad

et al. 2008

Journal of Correctional Health Care

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An outbreak investigation was conducted in a Tennessee prison to determine the extent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission and prevent additional tuberculosis (TB) cases. Inmates, staff, visitors, and community contacts were screened. TB disease was diagnosed for eight inmates, including one after release and three people in the community, including two young children. In addition, 59 contacts (47 inmates, 4 staff members, and 8 additional persons in the community) were newly diagnosed with latent TB infection (LTBI). Failure to recognize TB symptoms, delays in TB diagnosis, inconsistent LTBI treatment, and prolonged congregation of inmates with infectious TB propagated this outbreak. Prison incarceration provides an important opportunity to diagnose and treat LTBI and thus prevent TB disease transmission to the community.

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“…Clinical guideline recommendations on assessing risk and preventing cardiovascular disease have undergone significant change over the past two decades. More recent clinical guidelines and studies focus on global absolute risk as an important key to assessing individual risk(19–24). …”

Section: Impact On Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Framingham Heart Study's Impact on Global Risk Assessment

Bitton¹,

Gaziano²

2010

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

123

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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, responsible for about 30 percent of deaths worldwide. Globally, 80 percent of total CVD deaths occur in developing countries. In recent years age-adjusted CVD death has been cut in half in developed countries. Much of the decline is due to reductions in risk factors which the Framingham Heart Study helped to identify. The Framingham Heart Study also helped to classify those at highest risk by creating multivariate risk scores. As a result other investigators have created various risk prediction scores for their countries. These scores have been the foundation for guidelines and prevention strategies in developed countries. However, most scores requiring blood tests may be difficult to implement in developing countries where limited resources for screening exist. New studies and risk scores inspired by the Framingham Heart Study need to simplify risk scoring in developing countries so affordable prevention strategies can be implemented.

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Spoligotyping andMycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract: Speed of spoligotyping could be a benefit in the clinical setting.

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Bayesian modelling of tuberculosis clustering from DNA fingerprint data

Bayesian modelling of tuberculosis clustering from DNA fingerprint data

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Tennessee Prison, 2002-2004

The Framingham Heart Study's Impact on Global Risk Assessment

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