Abstract:Achillea millefolium L. is the most representative plant of the genus Achillea due to its long-standing use. Previous investigations have allowed for the identification of many chemical compounds including phenols, flavonoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their derivatives. However, only a few reports have considered flower color in relation to A. millefolium composition. In this work, the phytochemical analysis on the volatile content of fresh samples of three morphotypes—white, pink and deep pink—collec… Show more
“…Available literature data suggested that the white-flowered A. millefolium morphotype exhibited a different accumulation of certain compounds, such as flavonoids and essential oils, compared to its pink-flowered morphotype [32]. Garzoli et al found that the aerial parts of the pink morphotype A. millefolium accumulated higher amounts of monoterpenes than the white morphotype [33]. According to the authors, these differences in phytochemical composition between morphotypes suggested a potential adaptation to different ecological conditions or reproductive strategies.…”
Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, is a versatile and widely distributed plant species with a rich history of ethnopharmacological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative differences of A. millefolium inflorescence morphotypes. The phytochemical profile of white and pink inflorescence morphotypes was characterised by a complex of thirty-four phenolic and triterpene compounds. The species has distinct morphotypes of white and pink inflorescence. Phenolic and triterpenic profiles were determined, and individual compounds were quantified in inflorescence, leaf, and stem samples of two morphotypes tested. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in all parts of the plant tested. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the principal compounds in the phenolic profile. Betulin, betulinic acid, and α-amyrin were the prevailing triterpenic components in the triterpenic profiles of Achillea millefolium morphotypes. The predominant flavonoids in inflorescences were flavones, while in leaves, flavonols were the organ-specific compounds. The quantitative differences were observed between plant parts of morphotypes. Leaves consistently displayed the highest amounts of identified compounds and have been testified as the main source of antioxidant activity. Overall, white inflorescences accumulated a higher total amount of compounds compared to pink ones. The observed differences between morphotypes derived from the same population reflect the differences in specialised metabolites and their chemotypes. This study addresses gaps in knowledge, particularly in phenolic and triterpenic profiling of coloured inflorescence morphotypes, enhancing our understanding of chemotypes and morphotypes within the species.
“…Available literature data suggested that the white-flowered A. millefolium morphotype exhibited a different accumulation of certain compounds, such as flavonoids and essential oils, compared to its pink-flowered morphotype [32]. Garzoli et al found that the aerial parts of the pink morphotype A. millefolium accumulated higher amounts of monoterpenes than the white morphotype [33]. According to the authors, these differences in phytochemical composition between morphotypes suggested a potential adaptation to different ecological conditions or reproductive strategies.…”
Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, is a versatile and widely distributed plant species with a rich history of ethnopharmacological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative differences of A. millefolium inflorescence morphotypes. The phytochemical profile of white and pink inflorescence morphotypes was characterised by a complex of thirty-four phenolic and triterpene compounds. The species has distinct morphotypes of white and pink inflorescence. Phenolic and triterpenic profiles were determined, and individual compounds were quantified in inflorescence, leaf, and stem samples of two morphotypes tested. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in all parts of the plant tested. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the principal compounds in the phenolic profile. Betulin, betulinic acid, and α-amyrin were the prevailing triterpenic components in the triterpenic profiles of Achillea millefolium morphotypes. The predominant flavonoids in inflorescences were flavones, while in leaves, flavonols were the organ-specific compounds. The quantitative differences were observed between plant parts of morphotypes. Leaves consistently displayed the highest amounts of identified compounds and have been testified as the main source of antioxidant activity. Overall, white inflorescences accumulated a higher total amount of compounds compared to pink ones. The observed differences between morphotypes derived from the same population reflect the differences in specialised metabolites and their chemotypes. This study addresses gaps in knowledge, particularly in phenolic and triterpenic profiling of coloured inflorescence morphotypes, enhancing our understanding of chemotypes and morphotypes within the species.
“…While there is relatively vast knowledge of the phytochemistry, biological activity, and applications of A. millefolium plants, the information on the structure of secretory tissues in this species and the location of bioactive substances is incomplete. The literature data also indicate that the content of bioactive compounds in yarrow raw material depends on the region of origin of the plant [56][57][58][59][60]. Therefore, the aim of the current study was (i) to present the structure of secretory tissues of Achillea millefolium subsp.…”
Achillea millefolium L. herb and flowers have high biological activity; hence, they are used in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to perform morpho-anatomical analyses of the raw material, including secretory tissues, histochemical assays of the location of lipophilic compounds, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential oil (EO). Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to analyse plant structures. The qualitative analyses of EO were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of this study showed the presence of exogenous secretory structures in the raw material, i.e., conical cells (papillae) on the adaxial surface of petal teeth and biseriate glandular trichomes on the surface flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves. Canal-shaped endogenous secretory tissue was observed in the stems and leaves. The histochemical assays revealed the presence of total, acidic, and neutral lipids as well as EO in the glandular trichome cells. Additionally, papillae located at the petal teeth contained neutral lipids. Sesquiterpenes were detected in the glandular trichomes and petal epidermis cells. The secretory canals in the stems were found to contain total and neutral lipids. The phytochemical assays demonstrated that the A. millefolium subsp. millefolium flowers contained over 2.5-fold higher amounts of EO (6.1 mL/kg) than the herb (2.4 mL/kg). The EO extracted from the flowers and herb had a similar dominant compounds: β-pinene, bornyl acetate, (E)-nerolidol, 1,8-cineole, borneol, sabinene, camphor, and α-pinene. Both EO samples had greater amounts of monoterpenes than sesquiterpenes. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were detected in the EO from the herb than from the flowers.
“…Рослинні препарати деревію ефективно застосовують для лікування розладів менструального циклу, полегшення менструальних спазмів і болю, для зниження артеріального тиску, лікування інфекцій верхніх дихальних шляхів [1,[7][8][9]. Деякі сполуки, що містяться в ефірній олії, показали високий потенціал щодо руйнування активного центру протеаз і можуть бути застосовані в дослідженнях для виявлення ефективних засобів проти SARS-CoV [10].…”
unclassified
“…зумовлені наявністю в його траві та екстрактах широкого спектра натуральних компонентів. Найпоширенішими сполуками є флавоноїди, фенолкарбонові кислоти, терпени, фітостероли, органічні та жирні кислоти, дубильні речовини, кумарини, амінокислоти, полісахариди, саліцилова кислота, вітаміни С та К [2,4,7,8,[11][12][13].…”
unclassified
“…Вивченню хімічного складу деревію звичайного нині приділяють чимало уваги [1,[7][8][9]11,12]. За даними Державної Фармакопеї України (ДФУ) 2.0, для визначення якості рослинної сировини деревію рекомендовано здійснювати кількісне спектрофотометричне визначення поліфенолів, до яких належать дубильні речовини [17].…”
Tannins are an important class of secondary metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological effects, due to which they are used in various fields of treatment. In plants of the genus Achillea L., tannins are the dominant class of compounds. This allows the use of plant raw materials and extracts of yarrow for the development of complex herbal and combined formulations of medicines. The search for new sources of natural tannin compounds for pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes is of significant interest and encourages the improvement of phytochemical research methods of known species of medicinal plants.
The aim of the work was to develop a spectrophotometric method for determining the quantitative composition of tannin compounds in terms of gallic acid in the herb of Achillea millefolium L.
Materials and methods. The study utilized dried air-dried raw material of yarrow for analysis. The quantitative content of polyphenols in the plant material was determined using a modified UV spectrophotometric method, with calculations based on pyrogallol equivalents. The development of the spectrophotometric technique for determining tannins from the herb of Achillea millefolium L., expressed as gallic acid equivalents, considered the effects of extractant concentration and the degree of plant material grinding.
Results. The water extract from the herb of Achillea millefolium L. exhibited a quantitative content of polyphenols, calculated as pyrogallol equivalents, at 2.9781 ± 0.0177 %. It was observed that the particle size of the raw material significantly influenced the yield of active substances. The optimal technological parameters for the developed method involved extracting plant material that was crushed to a size of 0.5–1.0 mm, using 70 % ethanol in a ratio of 1:10, resulting in a yield of 4.08 ± 0.01 %.
Conclusions. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to utilize the developed method, employing gallic acid equivalents, for the quantification of tannins in alcohol-water extracts of yarrow.
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