Splitting suckling data of bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) neonates in human care into suckling bouts

Mayntz, M.; Amundin, Mats

doi:10.1002/zoo.10094

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tavolga and Essapian [1957] suggested that the mother largely controls the milk release into the mammary sinuses. They, as well as Jacobsen [2001], also described how the mother could control whether or not the calf could achieve a lockon by changing her swimming speed and presenting her nipples. Amundin [1999] and Jacobsen [2001] concluded from their studies that the mother, not the calf, controls the suckling and the subsequent nursing frequency pattern that emerge.…”

Section: Leaving/joining Behavior Before Nursing and Time Interval Bementioning

confidence: 94%

“…They, as well as Jacobsen [2001], also described how the mother could control whether or not the calf could achieve a lockon by changing her swimming speed and presenting her nipples. Amundin [1999] and Jacobsen [2001] concluded from their studies that the mother, not the calf, controls the suckling and the subsequent nursing frequency pattern that emerge. They suggested that the patterns were a result of the female's behavior and the functioning of her mammaries, e.g., mammary sinus volume and milk ejection.…”

Section: Leaving/joining Behavior Before Nursing and Time Interval Bementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to study how these categories varied before nursing. Nursing was defined to start when the calf locked on to the nipple [Clark and Odell, 1999;Jacobsen, 2001]. The time intervals between the leaving/joining behaviors and the onset of nursing were also analyzed by an ANOVA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decline over the first year post partum, in the relative frequency of nursing, when not accompanied by another dolphin(s), might be affected by the fact that the calves decreased the total frequency of nursings as they grew older [compare Eastcott and Dickinson, 1987;Cockcroft and Ross, 1990;Peddemors et al, 1992;Reid et al, 1995;Jacobsen, 2001]. An increase in nursing efficiency and experience in the calf, as suggested by Asper et al [1988], Russell et al [1997], Sweeney et al [1999], and Jacobsen [2001], might be the main reason why the mothers allowed other dolphins to accompany them more often while nursing as the calves grew older.…”

Section: Leaving/joining Behavior While Nursingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in many terrestrial species of social mammals, bottlenose dolphin females tend to avoid contact with other group members pre-and for some time post partum [Eastcott and Dickinson, 1987;Joseph et al, 1987;Amundin, 1999;Jacobsen, 2001]. Additionally, it has been shown in previous studies of dolphins in human care that dams with young infants actively modified their swimming patterns to avoid other members in the group [Eastcott and Dickinson, 1987;Amundin, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Reactions of three bottlenose dolphin dams with calves to other members of the group in connection with nursing

2005

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The suckling behavior of three bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mothercalf pairs at the Kolma˚rden Wild Animal Park, Sweden, was followed from birth until the calves were 1 year old, with emphasis on the behavior of the mothers toward other dolphins present in pool. The results show that 80.44% of the sucklings occurred when the dams were not accompanied by another member of the group. This preference declined, as the calf grew older, for all three dams. Three factors influenced this company preference in relation to nursing and contributed to the total variance in a detectable way: the month post partum, company preference, and the mother's ID, i.e., which mother was involved. The time between the category ''dam leaves company'' and the beginning of nursing increased over the months for all three dams. These results indicate that another dolphin is not automatically an asset to a dam with a newborn, and that, in human care, ample space and limited number of pool mates must be provided to allow the dam the necessary privacy in connection with nursing. Zoo Biol 24: 543-555, 2005.

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Section: Leaving/joining Behavior Before Nursing and Time Interval Bementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Leaving/joining Behavior Before Nursing and Time Interval Bementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaving/joining Behavior While Nursingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Reactions of three bottlenose dolphin dams with calves to other members of the group in connection with nursing

2005

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The importance of ‘memory’ in statistical models for animal feeding behaviour

Allcroft¹,

Tolkamp²,

Glasbey³

et al. 2004

Behavioural Processes

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Effect of lactation stage and concurrent pregnancy on milk composition in the bottlenose dolphin

et al. 2007

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Although many toothed whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti) lactate for 2–3 years or more, it is not known whether milk composition is affected by lactation stage in any odontocete species. We collected 64 pooled milk samples spanning 1–30 months postpartum from three captive bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Milks were assayed for water, fat, crude protein (TN × 6.38) and sugar; gross energy was calculated. Ovulation and pregnancy were determined via monitoring of milk progesterone. Based on analysis of changes in milk composition for each individual dolphin, there were significant increases (P<0.05) in fat (in all three dolphins) and crude protein (in two of three), and a decrease (P<0.05) in water (in two of three) over the course of lactation, but the sugar content did not change. In all three animals, the energy content was positively correlated with month of lactation, but the percentage of energy provided by crude protein declined slightly but significantly (P<0.05). At mid-lactation (7–12 months postpartum, n=17), milk averaged 73.0±1.0% water, 12.8±1.0% fat, 8.9±0.5% crude protein, 1.0±0.1% sugar, 1.76±0.09 kcal g−1 (=7.25 kJ g−1) and 30.3±1.3% protein:energy per cent. This protein:energy per cent was surprisingly high compared with other cetaceans and in relation to the growth rates of calves. Milk progesterone indicated that dolphins ovulated and conceived between 413 and 673 days postpartum, following an increase in milk energy density. The significance of these observed compositional changes to calf nutrition will depend on the amounts of milk produced at different stages of lactation, and how milk composition and yield are influenced by sampling procedure, maternal diet and maternal condition, none of which are known.

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Splitting suckling data of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) neonates in human care into suckling bouts

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Reactions of three bottlenose dolphin dams with calves to other members of the group in connection with nursing

Reactions of three bottlenose dolphin dams with calves to other members of the group in connection with nursing

The importance of ‘memory’ in statistical models for animal feeding behaviour

Effect of lactation stage and concurrent pregnancy on milk composition in the bottlenose dolphin

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