Splitting of water by electrochemical combination of two photocatalytic reactions on TiO2 particles

Fujihara, Kan; Ohno, Teruhisa; Matsumura, Michio

doi:10.1039/a806398b

Cited by 177 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These mechanisms have been described elsewhere in greater detail for the decomposition of organic pollutants, as shown in Fig. 2 [38,46,56,57,60] and the splitting of water [26,27,29].…”

Section: Photocatalytic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation

2010

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Titanium dioxide, TiO 2 , is an important photocatalytic material that exists as two main polymorphs, anatase and rutile. The presence of either or both of these phases impacts on the photocatalytic performance of the material. The present work reviews the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The synthesis and properties of anatase and rutile are examined, followed by a discussion of the thermodynamics of the phase transformation and the factors affecting its observation. A comprehensive analysis of the reported effects of dopants on the anatase to rutile phase transformation and the mechanisms by which these effects are brought about is presented in this review, yielding a plot of the cationic radius versus the valence characterised by a distinct boundary between inhibitors and promoters of the phase transformation. Further, the likely effects of dopant elements, including those for which experimental data are unavailable, on the phase transformation are deduced and presented on the basis of this analysis.

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“…These mechanisms have been described elsewhere in greater detail for the decomposition of organic pollutants, as shown in Fig. 2 [38,46,56,57,60] and the splitting of water [26,27,29].…”

Section: Photocatalytic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Energy Electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen [26][27][28][29][30]. Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) [31][32][33].…”

Section: Titania Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation

2010

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“…The direction of the current revealed that oxygen evolution occurred at the TiO 2 electrode and hydrogen evolution occurred at the Pt electrode. Fujihara et al [155] reported the photochemical splitting of water by combining two photocatalytic reactions on suspended TiO 2 particles, namely, the reduction of water to hydrogen using bromide ions, which were oxidized to bromine and the oxidation of water to oxygen using Fe 3+ ions, which were reduced to Fe 2+ . These two reactions were carried out in separate compartments and combined via platinum electrodes and cation-exchange membranes.…”

Section: Production Of Hydrogen Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

2011

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Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing humankind. Because of this, photocatalysis research has been rapidly expanding. TiO 2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of H 2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO 2 , compares TiO 2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO 2 nanoparticles. TiO 2 is considered close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. In this review article, various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO 2 including dye sensitization, doping, coupling and capping are discussed. Environmental and energy applications of TiO 2 , including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized. Historical backgroundThe growth of industry worldwide has tremendously increased the generation and accumulation of waste byproducts. In general, the production of useful products has been focused on and the generation of waste byproducts has been largely ignored. This has caused severe environmental problems that have become a major concern. Researchers all over the world have been working on various approaches to address this issue. Photoinduced processes have been studied and various applications have been developed. One important technique for removing industrial waste is the use of light energy (electromagnetic radiation) and particles sensitive to this energy to mineralize waste which aids in its removal from solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is considered very close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis because of its high stability, low cost and safety toward both humans and the environment.*Corresponding author (email: shipra.mital@gmail.com)In 1964, Kato et al.[1] published their work on the photocatalytic oxidation of tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) by a TiO 2 suspension, which was followed by McLintock et al. [2] investigating the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene and propylene in the presence of oxygen adsorbed on TiO 2 . However, the most important discovery that extensively promoted the field of photocatalysis was the "Honda-Fujishima Effect" first described by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [3]. This well-known chemical phenomenon involves electrolysis of water, which is related to photocatalysis. Photoirradiation of a TiO 2 (rutile) single crystal electrode immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution induced the evolution of oxygen from the TiO 2 electrode and the evolution of hydrogen from a platinum counterelectrode when an anodic bias was applied to the TiO 2 working electrode. In 1977, Frank and Bard [4] examined the reduction of ...

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“…The idea of Z-scheme water splitting was originally proposed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Bard and associates, who developed a dual n-type semiconductor model for biological photosynthesis and a possible means of application to artificial systems 33), 34) . Later, Fujihara et al 35) also constructed a Z-scheme water splitting system using a TiO2-rutile photocatalyst and two redox mediators (Br2/ Br -and Fe 3 /Fe 2 ). A detailed schematic of Z-scheme water splitting is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Basic Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production by Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Khine

Hisatomi

Domen

2013

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Hydrogen gas as a fuel has the potential to alleviate the threat of global climate change and help to avoid various undesirable effects caused by the mass consumption of fossil fuel. Photocatalytic water splitting has been widely studied as a potential method to produce H2 from renewable solar energy. Photocatalysts that can operate under visible light irradiation (λ 400 nm), which forms the main part of sunlight, are highly desirable. Successful two-step water splitting systems (Z-scheme) that operate with or without a reversible redox couple have been reported for the application of visible light-driven photocatalysts. The Z-scheme system, which mimics photosynthesis in green plants, consists of two photocatalysts, one for H2 evolution, and the other for O2 evolution. The Z-scheme process can utilize a wider range of visible light than the conventional one-step excitation system because the energy required to drive each photocatalyst can be reduced. This review presents recent research progress in the development of visible light-driven photocatalytic materials with a focus on Z-scheme water splitting.

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Splitting of water by electrochemical combination of two photocatalytic reactions on TiO2 particles

Cited by 177 publications

References 27 publications

Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation

Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

Hydrogen Production by Photocatalytic Water Splitting

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